–
Yini ongakusikisela ukuze umkhuleko we-Umrah ube ngowona ophumelelayo?
Mthandiwe, mzalwane wethu,
Incazelo ye-Umrah
Ngokwesichazamazwi, igama elithi “umrah” lisuselwa empandeni yegama elithi “amr” elisho ukuvakashela, ukuphila isikhathi eside, ukwenza ikhaya libe yindawo enhle, ukuhlala endaweni ethile, ukuvikela, ukuba nempahla eningi, nokukhonza uNkulunkulu;
ukungenela isimo se-ihram ngaphandle kokubophezela ngesikhathi esithile, ukuzungeza iKaaba, ukwenza i-sa’y phakathi kweSafa neMarwa, bese ukugunda izinwele nokukhipha isimo se-ihram.
kuwumkhuleko owenziwa ngendlela ethile.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze umuntu enze umrah ngendlela efanele, kufanele azi ukuthi umrah uyini nokuthi wenziwa kanjani ngokuvumelana neSunnah. Kufanele futhi aqonde izidingo zomrah, njengokuthi ukungena ehram kusho ukuthini, incazelo ye-tawaf, iqiniso le-sayi phakathi kwe-Safa ne-Marwa, nencazelo yokushefa, kufanele akuzwe ngomoya, akuzwe ngengqondo, akuzwe ngaphakathi enhliziyweni yakhe.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-Umrah ne-Hajj
Umehluko phakathi kwe-Umrah ne-Hajj ukuthi i-Umrah ayikhawulelwe yisikhathi, ayinayo imisebenzi yokuhlala e-Arafat nase-Muzdalifah, ukuhlaba umhlatshelo nokujikijela amatshe ku-Shaytan. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Hajj,
“i-hajj-i ekber”
(umthamo omkhulu)
, nase-Umrah
“uhambo oluncane lwe-hajj”
(umthamo omncane)
kuyabizwa.
Izibopho ze-Umrah
I-Umrah inezibopho ezimbili: i-ihram ne-tawaf. I-ihram iyimfuneko, i-tawaf iyisibopho. Izibopho ezengeziwe zihlanganisa ukwenza i-sa’y nokususa i-ihram ngokuphungula izinwele.
Isinqumo se-Umrah
Ngokwemibono yamaHanafi namaMaliki, ukwenza i-Umrah kanye empilweni yomuntu oyislimu kuyisunnah eqinisekisiwe, kanti ngokwemibono yamaShafi’i namaHanbali, kuyisibopho.
Kukhona abanye abafundisi be-Hanafi abathi i-Umrah iyisibopho, njengomthandazo we-witr, umhlatshelo kanye ne-fitr sadaqah.
Ukuphikisana ngokuphathelene nomthetho we-Umrah;
“Qedani i-Hajj ne-Umrah ngenxa ka-Allah…”
(Al-Baqarah, 2:196.)
Lokhu kungenxa yezincazelo ezahlukene ezanikezwa ivesi elithile, kanye nokuba khona kwezindaba ezahlukene ezidluliselwa ngomlomo ngale ndaba.
Njengoba ivesi elihloniphekile lisho, uma umuntu eqala umsebenzi we-hajj noma we-umrah, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyisibopho noma uyisifiso, kufanele awuqedele futhi angawushiyi phakathi.
“Qedani ukuzila ukudla kuze kube kusihlwa.”
(Al-Baqarah, 2:187.)
njengoba kunjalo nasevesini elisho ukuthi
“Yenzani umsebenzi we-hajj”
(ekimu)
futhi isho incazelo yayo.
U-Imam Shafi’i no-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal bayiqonda leli vesi njengomyalo wokwenza umsebenzi we-hajj ne-umrah, futhi bafika esiphethweni sokuthi i-umrah iyisibopho. Baphinde basebenzisa lezi zindaba njengobufakazi bemibonweni yabo:
U-Aisha,
–
“O Mthunywa kaNkulunkulu! Ingabe kuyadingeka ukuthi abesifazane bahlanganyele empini?”
ebuzile,
Umprofethi uMuhammad (ukuthula nokubusiswa kukaNkulunkulu kube phezu kwakhe),
– Yebo, (kubo) kudingekile ukuba baqhube i-jihad engenakho ukulwa, okungukuthi i-hajj ne-umrah.”
uyalile.
(Ibn Majah, Manasik, 8, II, 968. Shirbini, II, 206-207)
“Umrah yihajji encane.”
(Muğnî, V, 14)
U-Abu Rezin al-Ukeyli, umngane kaMprofethi,
–
“O Mthunywa kaNkulunkulu! Ubaba wami useluphele, akasenamandla okwenza iHajj noma i-Umrah, noma ukuhamba. (Yini okufanele ayenze)?”
ebuzile,
UMprofethi uMuhammad (ukuthula nokubusiswa kukaAllah kube kuye) naye,
– “Yenza umsebenzi we-hajj ne-umrah esikhundleni sikababa.”
uyalile
(Abu Dawud, Manasik, 26. II, 402. Ibn Majah, Manasik, 10, II, 970.)
Labo abanombono wokuthi i-Umrah ayiyona ephoqelekile, bona-ke:
“…Ukuhambela eHajj ngamandla yilungelo lika-Allah phezu kwabantu.”
(Al-i Imrân, 3/97)
Babenze ukuthi ukungabikho kwe-Umrah kuleli vesi elisho [ukuthi] kanye nasehadith ebalula izinsika ezinhlanu zika-Islam, kuwubufakazi bokuthi i-Umrah ayiyona ifard. Baphinde bacaphuna lezi hadith njengobufakazi bemibono yabo:
“UHajj yisibopho, kanti i-Umrah yisibopho esingayisibopho.”
(Ibn Mâce, Menâsik, 8, II, 968. Tirmizî, Hac, 88. III, 270. Kâsânî, II, 226. Taberî, II, 2/212. Muğnî, V, 13)
Ngokulandisa kukaJabir ibn Abdullah, umngane kaMprofethi (ukuthula nokubusiswa kukaAllah kube kuye) wathi:
–
“O Mthunywa kaAllah! Ingabe i-Umrah iyisibopho?”
ebuzile,
UMprofethi uMuhammad (ukuthula nokubusiswa kukaAllah kube kuye) naye
–
“Cha, ukwenza i-Umrah kungcono kuwe.”
uyalile.
(Taberî, II, 2/212; Tirmizî, Hac, 88. III, 270; Ahmed, III, 316.)
Kuleyo hadith abayisebenzisa njengobufakazi labo abathi i-Umrah iyimpoqo, njengoba kushiwo kuleyo hadith:
“Umre yihaji encane”
kusholwe ukuthi
“ukuze kuboniswe umvuzo”
şeklinde açıklamışlardır.
Ngokulandisa kuka-Abdullah ibn Umar.
Umphrofethi wethu (ukuthula nokubusiswa kukaAllah kube phezu kwakhe) wenza umrah kane.
(Tirmidhi, Hajj, 93. III, 275)
wakhuthaza ukwenziwa kwe-Umrah futhi
“I-Umrah iyisusa izono ezincane ezenziwe phakathi kwe-Umrah eyodwa neyalandelayo. Umvuzo we-Hajj eyamukelekayo phambi kuka-Allah nguJannah (izulu).”
(Tirmidhi, Hajj, 90. III, 272.)
uyalile.
Isikhathi se-Umrah
Ngokungafani neHajj, eyenziwa kuphela ngezinyanga zeHajj, i-Umrah ayinayo isikhathi esithile esibekiwe. Izinsuku ze-Arafah nezinsuku ze-Eid.
(izinsuku ezi-5 lapho kulethwa khona amatekbir et-teşrik)
Umrah ingenziwa noma nini ngaphandle kwalokho.
Ukuthwala umrah kusukela ekuseni ngosuku lwangaphambi kwe-Eid kuze kube ukushona kwelanga ngosuku lwesine lwe-Eid kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu. Ngoba lezi zinsuku yizinsuku zokwenza imikhosi ye-hajj.
Ngokwemibono yamaShafi’i, amaMaliki, namaHanbali, labo abangahlosile ukwenza i-hajj bangenza i-umrah noma nini ngonyaka, okuhlanganisa nezinsuku ze-tashriq.
Ngokwe-Maliki, labo abahlose ukwenza i-Hajj, abakwazi ukwenza i-Umrah kuze kube usuku lwesine lwe-Eid ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Ngokwe-Shafi’i, abakwazi ukwenza i-Umrah ngaphandle kwe-Tawaf al-Wida’ (ukuzungeza i-Kaaba ngaphambi kokuhamba), ngaphandle kokuba yonke imikhosi ye-Hajj isiqediwe.
Ukuqhuba i-Umrah ngenyanga yeRamadan kunomvuzo omkhulu. Umprofethi wethu…
aleyhisselatu vesselam,
“Umrah eyenziwa ngenyanga yeRamadan ilingana neHajj.”
uyalile.
(Tirmidhi, Hajj, 90. III, 276.)
Indlela Yokwenza Umrah
• Umuntu ofuna ukwenza i-Umrah; uma kudingeka, uyasusa izinwele zangaphansi nezinwele zangasese, uyazicheba izinwele, uyalungisa izilevu zakhe, uyazisika izipikili zakhe, uyathatha i-ghusl (ukugeza umzimba wonke), uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthatha i-ghusl, uyathatha i-wudu (ukugeza izingxenye zomzimba), uyazifaka amakha emzimbeni wakhe.
• Abesilisa bayakhumula izingubo zabo, izikhindi, amasokisi, izambatho kanye nezicathulo. Bafaka izingubo ezimbili ze-ihram ezibizwa ngokuthi i-izar ne-rida. Ukubopha noma ukuhlanganisa iziphetho ze-rida ngesikhonkwane akufanelekile. Bafaka izicathulo ezivulekile ngemuva nangaphezulu. Akunankinga ukubopha ibhande okhalweni, ukuthwala isikhwama emhlane noma ukusebenzisa isambulela. Abesifazane baqhubeka nokugqoka izingubo zabo nezicathulo, abazivuli izinhloko zabo, futhi abazimbozi ubuso babo.
• Benza umkhuleko we-ihram, okuyizikha zombili, ngenhloso yokwenza isunnah. E-rak’ah yokuqala, ngemuva kwe-Fatiha, bafunda i-Surah al-Kafirun, kanti e-rak’ah yesibili, ngemuva kwe-Fatiha, bafunda i-Surah al-Ikhlas.
• Umuntu ofuna ukwenza i-Umrah, uma evela kude, uqala ukwenza i-ihram ngaphambi kokudlula imingcele ye-miqat; uma ehlala endaweni yase-Hill, uqala ukwenza i-ihram lapho ekhona; uma esendaweni yase-Harem, uqala ukwenza i-ihram ngokuya endaweni yase-Hill, njengase-Ten’im.
Ukungena e-ihram kwenziwa ngokuqonda nokuphakamisa i-talbiyah. Ukuqonda kusho ukuzimisela ngokusuka enhliziyweni ukwenza i-umrah.
Inhloso
ngaphakathi,
“O Allah! Ngifuna ukwenza i-Umrah. Ngiphe lula ukuyenza, futhi ngiyakwamukele.”
kunconywa ukuba kuphinyiselwe ngolimi.
Ngemva kokuba nenze inhloso,
“Yebo Nkosi yami, yebo! Yebo, akukho mlingani wakho. Yebo, ngempela yonke indumiso, isibusiso, umbuso kanye nobukhosi kungokwakho. Akukho mlingani wakho.”
ngokuthi “Labbayk,” bese eqala ukuthalabiya. Ngale ndlela, uqala ukungena esimweni se-ihram, futhi imithetho ye-ihram iqala ukusebenza.
Uqhubeka nohambo lwakhe ngokuthi, njalo uma ekhuphuka noma ehla ezintweni zokuhamba, lapho ehlangana khona namaqembu, lapho engena khona emadolobheni, ebusuku nasekuseni, ebusuku nasezinsukwini, esezintweni zokuhamba, ehamba ngezinyawo, ehlezi, elele, emi, ehla, enyuka, njalo uma eshintsha indawo, nangemva kwemithandazo yefardhu, ngaso sonke isikhathi, aphakamise izwi lakhe ngokuphindaphinda i-telbiye, i-tekbir, i-tehlil kanye ne-salawat-ı şerife.
Kuyaphinda kathathu ukusho i-Telbiya njalo, bese kuthi emva kwalokho kukhulekwe, kuthathwe u-Tehlil, bese kuthi emva kwalokho kuthathwe u-Salawat-ı Şerife.
• Ukusondela eMecca
Lapho ngingena endaweni yaseharem.
“O Nkulunkulu! Leli yindawo yakho engcwele, indawo oyivikeleyo. Ngivikele ekungeneni eNhlalweni. Ngivikele ekuhluphekeni kwakho ngosuku lokuphinda uvuse abantu bakho, ungenze ngibe ngomunye wabangani bakho nabalaleli bakho.”
ngokuthandaza.
Ukungena eMecca uhlanzekile kuyisunnah, ukungena emini kuyinto ekhuthazwayo.
• Ngemva kokufika eMekka, hlala ehhotela noma ekhaya bese uphumula. Uma kungenzeka, thabatha umkhuleko wokugeza umzimba wonke, uma kungenzeki, thabatha umkhuleko wokugeza izingxenye zomzimba, bese uya eMasjid al-Haram ngezinyawo noma ngesithuthi.
uyahamba. Endleleni, uyaphinda-phinda i-takbir, i-tahlil, i-telbiye kanye ne-salawat-ı şerife. Ngokuthobeka nangokuhlonipha.
“O Nkulunkulu! Vulela mina iminyango yomusa wakho, ungivikele kuSathane oqalekisiweyo.”
engena eMescid-i Harem ngomthandazo.
• Lapho ngibona i-Baytullah
Uphinda alethe i-tekbir ne-tehlil kathathu, bese efunda le du’a.
“Ngiyakuhlanza uNkulunkulu kuzo zonke izici ezingaphelele, yonke indumiso ingekaNkulunkulu, akukho nkulunkulu ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu. UNkulunkulu mkhulu kunakho konke. O Nkulunkulu! Leli yindlu yakho. Wena wayiphakamisa, wayihlonipha, wayenza yaba yigugu. Phakamisa ubukhulu bayo, inhlonipho yayo, negugu layo. O Nkosi yami! Phakamisa inhlonipho, isithunzi, ubukhulu, nobuhle balowo ophakamisa inhlonipho yayo, ayihloniphe, ayithande. O Nkulunkulu! Wena ukhululekile, futhi ukukhululeka kuvela kuwe kuphela. Siphilise ngokukhululeka, usifake ekhaya lakho lokukhululeka, ePharadesi, O Nkulunkulu wethu, wena onobukhulu nokuphana! Wena uphakeme kunakho konke, futhi wena ungaphezu kwakho konke.”
Angakwazi ukufunda eminye imithandazo ayaziyo. Uqeda ukuthwala ngaphambi kokuqala ukuzungeza iKaaba.
• Ufika ezingeni le-Hacer-i Esved,
aphendukele kuye, aphakamise izandla zakhe zize zifike ezingeni lamahlombe
“Bismillah, Allahu Ekber”
Uthi “Allahu Akbar” (uNkulunkulu mkhulu), “La ilahe illallah” (akukho nkulunkulu ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu), “Subhanallah” (uNkulunkulu ukhazimulile), “Alhamdulillah” (udumo kuNkulunkulu), bese ebingelela iHajar al-Aswad. Uma kungekho isixuku futhi engaphazamisi muntu, uyayiqabula iHajar al-Aswad; uma kunesixuku, akaliqabuli. Ukubingelela iHajar al-Aswad kuyisunnah (isibonelo sikaMprofethi), kodwa ukusunduza abantu nokubaphazamisa kuyisono. Akwenziwa isono ukuze kufezwe isunnah.
• Uzimisele ukwenza umrah.
Inhloso yakhe,
“O Allah! Ngifuna ukwenza umrah tawaf ngemijikelezo eyisikhombisa ngenxa yakho. Ngiyacela ukuthi uwenze ube lula kimi futhi uyamukele.”
kufanele akwenze ngale ndlela.
Ukwenza i-tawaf, uqala ngokuya ngakwesobunxelele seKaaba, azungeze ngaphandle kweHatim. Kuyo yonke imijikelezo, uqabula iRukn-i Yamani neHajar-i Aswad kude, ethi “Bismillah, Allahu Ekber”. Ukuqabula iHajar-i Aswad kuyisunnah, kanti ukuqabula iRukn-i Yamani kuyamustahab. I-Rukn-i Yamani ayiqabulwa, kanti ezinye izigaba azikwazi ukuqabulwa.
Ngesikhathi se-tawaf, umuntu usho imithandazo ethandwayo noma imithandazo ayaziyo, futhi athule athandaze ngokuthula noma afunde i-Quran.
I-Tawaf inezigaba ezine ezifana ne-fardh; ukwenza i-tawaf ngaphandle kokungcola, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuya esikhathini noma sokubeletha, ngaphandle kokungcola okukhulu, ngaphandle kokungcola okuncane, ukumboza izindawo eziyihlazo, ukwenza i-tawaf ngokuya ngakwesobunxelele i-Kaaba, ukuqala i-tawaf e-Hajar al-Aswad, ukwenza i-tawaf ngaphandle kwe-Hatim, ukwenza i-tawaf ngokuya ngezinyawo uma umuntu ekwazi, nokugcwalisa izigaba eziyisikhombisa kuyimfuneko. Uma kukhona okushiyekile, kuyadingeka ukwenza idamu.
Eenzawo, wenza i-iztiba’ kanye ne-remel emijikeni emithathu yokuqala ye-tawaf.
Ngemuva kokuphothula ukuzungeza iKaaba izikhathi eziyisikhombisa, umuntu uyathandaza eMultezem naseHatim. Uma kungenzeka, uyathandaza ngemuva kweMakam-i Ibrahim, uma kungenjalo, endaweni efanele, imithandazo emibili yokuzungeza iKaaba; le mthandazo iyimpoqo. Ngemuva komthandazo, uyathandaza, bese ephuza amanzi eZamzam, bese ethinta iHajar-ul-Aswad.
• Uya e Safa ukuyokwenza i-sa’yi ye-Umrah.
Ubuso bakhe buqonde eKaaba, abize u-Allahu Akbar, athandaze, amthokoze u-Allah, amthumelele izibusiso nokuthula kuMprofethi, abese ethandaza. Uqala ukwenza i-Sa’y. Uqala ngenhloso yakhe,
“O Allah! Ngizimisele ukwenza umsebenzi we-umrah phakathi kwe-Safa ne-Marwa ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ng
kufanele akwenze ngale ndlela.
Ukuphindaphinda (Sa’y) kwenziwa ngokuqala eSafa bese kuphelelwa eMarwa, kuhlanganisa izikhathi eziyisikhombisa. Ngesikhathi sokwenza iSa’y, umuntu angathandaza imithandazo eyaziwayo noma athandaze ngendlela ayithandayo, noma athule athandaze ngokuphindaphinda i-takbir ne-tahlil, noma afunde i-Qur’an. Phakathi kwezibani ezimbili eziluhlaza…
“hervele”
uyenza. Uma eqeda i-Sa’i, uMerve uyathandaza.
Ukuzungeza i-Safa ne-Marwa kuyimpoqo e-Umrah. Uma kwenziwa ngaphandle kwako, kudingeka idamu.
• Ukuphucwa izinwele noma ukuzisika izinwele ekhaya, ehhotela noma endaweni yokugunda izinwele, ngaleyo ndlela uyaphuma esimweni se-ihram, bese uba usuyenzile i-umrah.
• Abesifazane abenzi remel nanye hervele. Abaphakamisi amazwi abo ekuthakbir, ekuthahilil nasekutelbiye. Ukusika izinwele zabo kancane nje ekugcineni kwazo kwanele ukuba baphume e-ihram. Abesifazane abanomkhuhlane abenzi tawaf.
(bheka i-Diaynet İşleri “Hac İlmihali”)
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, chofoza lapha:
– Yini injongo yezithintelo ze-ihram ku-Hajj naku-Umrah?
– Yini inhloso yokuzungeza iKaaba kasikhombisa ngesikhathi seHajj?
– Ukwenza i-Sa’y, okungukuthi ukuhamba phakathi kweSafa neMerve kasikhombisa…
– Evesini 196 yeSura yaBakara, ekhuluma ngokuphuculwa kwezinwele ngesikhathi senkonzo yeHajj…
Ngiyabingelela ngithandazela…
UbuSulumane Ngemibuzo
