– Yiziphi izimpawu ze-riya?
– Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zayo?
– Yiziphi izindima, izihadi, amazwi abangane bomprofethi kanye nezazi zenkolo ezikhuluma ngokuqhosha (riya)?
– Ngaphandle kokugcinwa kuyimfihlo, yiziphi ezinye izindlela okufanele zisetshenziswe ukuze kuvikelwe ekuzaziseni?
– Yini okufanele yenziwe ngemuva kokungenwa yisifo se-Riya? Ungalulama kanjani?
– Ingabe indawo lapho kwenziwa khona ukuzenzisa kufanele ishiywe?
– Ukuhlolisisa nokucubungula ngokujulile nangemininingwane le ndaba ende.
Mthandiwe, mzalwane wethu,
Sizama ukuzama ukunikeza izimpendulo ezifushane emibuzweni yenu. Kodwa-ke, sincoma ukuthi nibheke izinkomba ezifakwe ezimpendulweni ukuze nithole imininingwane eyengeziwe.
Riya,
Ungenzi izenzo zokukhonza uNkulunkulu ngenjongo yokuzibonakalisa kubantu.
liyana isho igama elisho ukuziphatha.
Kusichazamazwi
“ukubona”
okuyisho
umbono
okutholakala emthonjeni
ukuzenzisa (ukuzenzisa)
, emibhalweni ye-hadith nasezincwadini ezikhuluma ngemikhuba –
süm’a
(ukufuna udumo)
kanye negama elithi-
“ukuzama ukukholisa abanye ukuthi unamakhono aphakeme ngenjongo yokuthola udumo noma inzuzo yezwe”
ngokuchazwa ngale ndlela.
Riya;
–
“Ukushiya ubuqotho ekwenzeni izinto ngenxa yomcabango wokuthola ukwamukeleka kwabanye ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu.”
(et-Tarîfât, isihloko esithi “riyâ”);
–
“Ukufuna ukuthola ukwaziswa kwabantu ngokuzenza ngathi uyathobela uNkulunkulu”
(Al-Ghazali, Ihya, III, 297);
–
“Ungakhulekeli omunye ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu, ungasebenzisi ukukhulekela ukufuna inzuzo yezwe; ungazenzi izenzo ezinhle ukuze ubonakale kubantu, kodwa hhayi ngenhloso yokwenza umyalo kaNkulunkulu.”
(Kurtubi, V, 422; XX, 212);
–
“Ukwenza ukukhonza obala ukuze abantu babone futhi bakwazise”
(Ibn Hajar, XXIV, 130)
njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll. njll.
Eku-Quran-i Kerim
Igama elithi riya livela emavesini amathathu.
(Al-Baqarah, 2:264; An-Nisa, 4:38; Al-Anfal, 8:47),
isenzo emavesini amabili
(An-Nisa, 4/142; Al-Ma’un, 107/6)
njengoba kubonisiwe.
Evesini yokuqala emibili, labo abapha izipho ngaphandle kwenhloso yokukhonza, ngaphandle kokufuna ukuthokozisa uNkulunkulu, kodwa ngenjongo yokubukisa kuphela, evesini yesithathu, labo abahlanganyela empini ngenjongo yokubukisa nokuduma, kanti kwamanye amavesi amabili, labo abathandaza ngenjongo yokubukisa bayagxekwa.
Emahadithini
kukhona igama elithi riya kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zalo. UMprofethi uMuhammad (ukuthula kube kuye),
“Ngikhathazeka ngobuzenzisi obufihlakeleyo kanye nezifiso ezingalawulekiyo ezizweni zangaphakathi.”
wathi, “Ngakho-ke, ngemva kwenu, ingabe ushirk (ukuhlanganyela uNkulunkulu nabanye) usazoba khona?”
“Yebo, kodwa ngeke kube ngendlela yokukhonza ilanga, inyanga, itshe, nesithombe, abantu bazokwenza izinkonzo zabo ngenxa yobuzenzisi.”
uphendulile.
(Musned, IV, 124)
Kwenye hadith qudsi, uMvelinqangi uthi:
“Noma ngubani ohlanganisa omunye umuntu nami ekwenzeni isenzo, ngiyamlahla yena kanye nenkolelo yakhe.”
uyalile
(Musned, II, 301, 435; Muslim, Zuhd, 46; Ibn Majah, Zuhd, 21).
Umprofethi uMuhammad wayeyizonda inkohliso.
“inkampani encane”
…echaza, wathi uNkulunkulu uyobanika abantu imivuzo ngezenzo zabo ngosuku lokwahlulela, labo abakhonza futhi benza izenzo ezinhle ngenjongo yokubukisa,
“Nina bazenzisi! Hambani nifune lowo enanenzela izenzo zenu emhlabeni ukuze nithole udumo, nifune ukuthi niyamthola yini?”
wamtshela ukuthi uzobaxosha phambi kwakhe uma beqhubeka nokumkhuluma ngaleyo ndlela.
(Musned, V, 428, 429).
Kwenye enye hadith, kuthiwa labo uNkulunkulu abanikeze izibusiso emhlabeni, bayobuzwa ngemisebenzi abayenzile ngalokho abakutholile ngesikhathi sokwahlulelwa ngemuva kokufa;
– Abanye babo balwela Yena kwaze kwaba yilapho befela khona,
– Abanye bafunda ulwazi, bafunda iKoran ngenjongo yokuthola ukwamukeleka kuYe,
– Abanye bazothi nabo benze izenzo zokupha ngesandla esivulekileyo ngenxa yokuthokozisa Yena,
kodwa
ukuthi lezi zenzo zabo zizobonakaliswa ukuthi bazenzele ukubukisa, futhi ekugcineni bazothola isijeziso abasifanelayo.
kuyashiwo.
(Musned, II, 322; Muslim, Imâre, 152; Nesâî, Cihâd, 22)
Kukhona nase hadithini.
Kuyokuthi uNkulunkulu adalule ububi obufihlakele balabo abafuna udumo ngezenzo zabo zokukhonza nokwenza izenzo ezinhle, futhi kuyokwembulwa ukuzenzisa kwabo abenza izenzo zokuzenzisa.
kuyashiwo.
(Musned, V, 270; Bukhari, Riqaq, 36, Ahkam, 9; Muslim, Zuhd, 47, 48)
Emavesini nasezihadisini
Ngenxa yezingozi ezingokomoya ezibikiwe, ukuzenzisa kuye kwathola ukugcizelelwa okukhethekile emithonjeni yezimfundiso zokuziphatha nezokuzinikela. U-Haris b. Esed el-Muhasibi, omunye wabafundi bokuqala abaphatha ukuzenzisa ngendlela ehlelekile, wanikela isahluko esikhulu kule ndaba encwadini yakhe ethi er-Riâye li-huķūķıllâh.
(uk. 153-306);
Kugxilwe ezintweni ezinjengencazelo kanye nencazelo yobuzenzisi, izinhlobo zabo, ubudlelwano babo nenhloso, ubuqotho kanye nehlazo, izimbangela zengqondo zobuzenzisi, imiphumela yabo eyingozi ngokwemibandela yokuziphatha, kanye nezimpawu zobuzenzisi.
Izilinganiso ezinzima nezilula zokuzenzisa kwezimali
Uthi. Okunzima kakhulu ukuthi umuntu enze izenzo ezifanele ukwenziwa ngenxa kaNkulunkulu ukuze azibonakalise kubantu, kanti okuncane kakhulu ukuthi umuntu enze ukukhonza okufanele ukwenziwa ngenxa kaNkulunkulu kuphela ukuze athole ukwaneliseka kukaNkulunkulu kanye nokwaneliseka kwabantu.
(age, k. 163-178)
Ukubonakaliswa kwemizwa yobuzenzisi ngaphandle.
U-Muhasibi, ekhuluma ngezindlela ezinhlanu, uzibala ngokuthi: umzimba, ukubukeka kwangaphandle, inkulumo, izenzo kanye nokuzenza umuntu okholwayo ebudlelwaneni bomphakathi.
Ngokwesibonelo,
umuntu;
– Ukuthi abeke isimo sobuso esibonisa ukuthi ukhathazekile ngempilo yangemva kokufa;
– Ukuzenza umuntu obuthakathaka, izwi lakhe lishone, amehlo akhe acishe afiphale, ukuze kwaziwe ukuthi uyazila;
– Ukubukeka nezinwele ezixegene njengabazilile nabazumile;
– Ukuzama ukubonisa abantu ukuthi ungumuntu ohlakaniphile, oqondayo, futhi ohlale ekhumbula uNkulunkulu ezingxoxweni zakhe;
– Ukunweba isikhathi eside emikhulekweni yezifungo nokuzithoba, kanye nokubonisa ukuzinikela okukhulu emikhulekweni efana nokuzila ukudla nokwenza i-hajj;
– Ukuzihlanganisa nabantu abanolwazi nabasebenzi benkolo, ukuze azibonakalise njengomuntu onolwazi nophakeme enkolweni.
Lezi zibonelo zifaka phakathi lezi zimo ezinhlanu.
U-Muhasibi uthi abantu abathanda impilo yalomhlaba bazikhombisa ngezindlela ezinhlanu, kodwa ukuzenzisa okwenziwa ngendlela yokuzibonakalisa ngobuzalwane kubi kakhulu kunalokho.
Kuyabonakala ukuthi uGhazali, okuthiwa wasebenzisa kakhulu umsebenzi kaMuhasibi, wenza izahluko ezibalulekile zokuhlaziya ngokwengqondo nangokwezemfundo encwadini yakhe ethi Ihya’u Ulumi’d-din, futhi wethula isifinyezo semibono yamaSulumane ngalolu daba.
Al-Ghazali, enye yingxenye yencwadi yakhe eyinhloko, eyakhiwa izahluko ezingamashumi amane,
“Ukuzonda Ukuphakama Nesinyenyela”
ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi
(III, 274-335)
ngemuva kokuhlolisisa ngokujulile isifiso sabantu sokuba nesikhundla, lokhu okubona njengomphumela waleso sifiso;
– Ubalule amavesi ne-hadith mayelana ne-riya,
– Uveze izibonelo ezivela emazwini abaholi benkolo,
– Okulandelayo, incazelo yobuzenzisi, ubunjalo kanye nezindlela zokubonakaliswa kwabo, amazinga obuzenzisi njengesono, kanye nokwelashwa kobuzenzisi;
– Isinqumo senkolo mayelana nokwenza izono obala noma ukuzifihla, kanye nokuyeka ukukhonza ngenxa yokwesaba ukuzenzisa;
– Ukuthi umuntu azame ukuthi izenzo zakhe zaziwe nguNkulunkulu kuphela kuzo zonke izimo.
kuyadingeka
igxile kulezi zihloko ezifana nalezi.
UGhazali waphinda wahlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuzenzisa ngokwezinga lokuphazamisa ukwamukelwa kwezenzo.
Lapha
Uma ukuzazisa kwanda, umonakalo wokuzenzisa uyanda, kanti uma ukufuna ukwamukeleka kuNkulunkulu, inhloso yokukhonza kanye nokulindela umvuzo kwanda, umonakalo wokuzenzisa uyancipha.
kuyachazwa.
Ubuzenzisi obuyingozi kakhulu,
Ukuzenzisa kwenhliziyo kukhombisa ukuhlonipha okufanele kuboniswe kuNkulunkulu kuphela, kodwa kuboniswa komunye umuntu; ngoba lo muntu ubonakala sengathi uyathobela uNkulunkulu, kodwa empeleni uthobela omunye. Ngakho-ke, ukuzenzisa kubhekwa njengokushiyana okufihliwe.
. (Ihya, III, 301-305)
Ubukhohlisi buye babhekwa njengobushirikiane obufihlakeleyo noma ubuzenzisi ngabanye abafundisi be-Islam, ikakhulukazi abasufi.
U-Ibn Hazm ubheka ukuzenzisa kanye nokufisa udumo njengobubi obusondelene nokushirk (ukuhlanganyela uNkulunkulu nabanye).
(el-Aħlâķ, ikhasi 38)
Ngokulandisa kuka-Kuşeyrî, u-Fudayl b. İyâz uthe ukuyeka isenzo ngenxa yokwesaba ukusolwa kuwukuzenzisa, ukwenza isenzo ukuze kubonakale kubantu kuwukushirk (ukuhlanganyela uNkulunkulu nabanye), futhi ukukhululeka kulezi ziphoso ezimbili kuwukukhululeka (ihlâs).
(er-Risâle, II, 446)
Ngokwemfundiso yamaSufi, umuntu ozishaya ngathi uyakholwa ufana nomuntu ongenakholo. Ukuzishaya ngathi uyakholwa kuhlala kusebenza njengomuhlwa ngaphakathi kwabantu ngaphandle kwalawo abathola isivikelo sikaNkulunkulu.
(Cemâleddin eş-Şâzelî, k. 42, 43).
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu
Umuzwa wokuqhosha ungabonwa kuphela ngabantu abaqotho.
ukuthi yini ubungozi bayo, labo abanomusa abesaba ukuchitha izenzo zabo bangayiqonda.
(Serrâc, k. 290; Muhâsibî, Âdâbü’n-nüfûs, k. 148-149).
Isenzo esimsulwa somSufi,
“izenzo eziyimfihlo kangangokuthi ngisho nengelosi elibhala phansi izenzo angeke zikwazi ukuzibona, kangangokuthi umenzi wazo angeke azigabise ngazo ngoba ngisho naye uqobo akazazi.”
ngokuchaza kanje.
(Kelâbâzî, ikhasi 99)
Izinga lokuthi i-riya ingawonakalisa kangakanani ameli.
Nalokhu kukhulunyelwe ngezincwadini ezahlukene.
Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, isisekelo sezenzo ukuba yimfihlo, ngoba imfihlo iqinisekisa ubuqotho futhi ikhulula ekuzenziseni.
Nokho, kunezimo lapho ukwenza izenzo obala kungengenxa yengozi, kodwa kungaba usizo.
Ngempela, e-Kur’an-ı Kerim,
“Uma niphana ngokusobala, kuhle lokho! Kodwa uma niphana ngasese kubampofu, lokho kunani ngaphezu kwalokho.”
kuyalelwe.
(Al-Baqarah, 2:271)
Futhi
uhambo lokuya eMecca, umzabalazo, umthandazo wangoLwesihlanu
izinto ezingenakufihlwa njengezenzo.
Kukhona futhi. Izenzo ezingenziwa ngasese, njengomthandazo, ukuzila ukudla, kanye nesadaka, ziba zinhle kakhulu uma zenziwa obala ukuze zibe yisibonelo kubantu futhi zibakhuthaze ukuba nabo benze izenzo ezinhle.
Umprofethi uMuhammad (ukuthula kube kuye) wathi umuntu oziphatha ngale ndlela…
ukuthi uzothola umvuzo ophindwe kabili, kokubili ngenxa yesenzo sakhe kanye nangenxa yomuntu ayisibonelo kuye.
ubikile.
(Musned, II, 397, 505; Muslim, Zekât, 70; Ebû Dâvûd, Sünnet, 6)
Ukuze umuntu afakazele ukuthi abantu bayakholwa futhi baziphathe njengaye.
Akukho okubonakala kuyinkinga ngokuya kwakhe emithandazweni obala.
Futhi
ukuthi izibopho zimenyezelwe futhi ziboniswe obala, nokuthi zenziwe obala.
Kusho ukubonisa ubuSulumane nezimpawu zabo.
(Fahreddin er-Râzî, VII, 73-75; Kurtubî, V, 423; XX, 213)
Kuzo zonke izimo, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ubuqotho buphelele.
Uma kungekho ngozi enjalo, ukwenza isenzo obala ukuze kube yisibonelo kwabanye kuyinto enhle; kodwa uma kukhona ukukhathazeka ngengozi yokuzigqaja, kuvunyelwene ngokuthi ukwenza isenzo ngasese kuyinto enhle kakhulu.
Kuxoxwe nangendlela umuzwa wokuzenzisa ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kwezenzo ezingokwenkolo ongathinta ngayo ukwamukelwa noma ukungamukelwa kwalezo zenzo.
(bheka u-Muhâsibî, er-Riâye, k. 208-213; u-Gazzâlî, III, 307-318; u-Kurtubî, V, 422-424; i-TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, isihloko esithi Riya)
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, chofoza lapha:
– Yikuphi izimo lapho ukuzenzisa kungavunyelwe khona? Ingabe ukuzenzisa kuyenzeka ekukhonzeni…?
– Yini i-riya; singayisusa kanjani i-riya? Ulwazi mayelana ne-teveccüh-ü nas…
– Unganikeza yini ulwazi olunzulu mayelana nenkohlakalo nokuzenzisa?
– Yiziphi izenzo okufanele zifihlwe futhi zingadalulwa? Ukuzenzisa…
– Abantu abafundayo ukuze bathole izinzuzo zezwe, iPharadesi…
Ngiyabingelela ngithandazela…
UbuSulumane Ngemibuzo
