Mthandiwe, mzalwane wethu,
Ebu’l-Fazl
Zeynüddîn
U-Abdurrahim ibn al-Husayn ibn Abdirrahman
el-Irâkî
(d. 806/1404),
Ungoti wehadith futhi ungumgcini wehadith. Ngamanye amazwi, ungumhadith.
Wazalelwa eMenşeetülmihrânî, eceleni koMfula iNayile eCairo, ngomhla ka-21 Cemâziyelevvel 725 (5 May 1325). Uyise, uHüseyin, owayengumKurdi, wayevela eRâznân, idolobha elise-Erbil eNyakatho ye-Iraq, wabe esehlala eCairo.
UmIraqi
Walahlekelwa ngubaba wakhe eneminyaka emithathu. U-Iraqi, owayenenkumbulo enamandla kakhulu,
Waphinda iKoran ngekhanda eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili.
Njengoba ayefundiswa izifundo ezahlukahlukene, waphinda wabamba ngekhanda incwadi ka-Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi ethi “et-Tanbih” mayelana ne-Sharia yamaShafi’i.
Ekuqaleni, wagxila ekufundeni i-qira’at (indlela yokufunda i-Qur’an) nolimi lwesi-Arabhu, wafunda i-qira’at-i sab’a ku-Abdurrahman b. Ahmed b. Bagdadi nakwabanye. Ngaleso sikhathi, wazithuthukisa emikhakheni ye-fiqh (umthetho wamaSulumane), izindlela ze-fiqh, kanye ne-tafsir (incazelo ye-Qur’an). Ngokukhuthazwa ngu-Izzeddin Ibn Jama’a, wazibandakanya ne-hadith (izinkulumo nezenzo zikaMprofethi Muhammad). Nakuba kungaziwa ukuthi waqala nini ukufunda i-hadith, kuthiwa wayefunda i-hadith eneminyaka eyishumi nambili, wafunda isifundo sakhe sokuqala se-hadith ku-Shahabeddin Ahmed b. Ebu’l-Ferec Ibnü’l-Baba, wafunda ulwazi olubalulekile kulo mkhakha eCairo ku-Alâeddin Ibnü’t-Turkmani, isazi se-Hanafi, futhi wafunda i-Sahih-i Bukhari kuye naku-Abdurrahim b. Abdullah b. Shahidü’l-Jaysh.
Ngemva kokuzuza ulwazi kubafundisi abaziwayo eCairo,
IDamaseko, iHama, iHoms, iHalep, i-Alexandria, iTripoli, iBaalbek, iNablus, iGaza, iJerusalema, iMekka neMedina.
wahambela ezikhungweni zolwazi lapho kwakukhona khona izifundiswa ezidumile, ikakhulukazi ezazidumile ngolwazi lwazo lwezindaba ezalandiswa ngomlomo.
Indawo eyayiyona engcono kakhulu u-Iraqi ayeyithanda kakhulu kwakuyizindaba ezalandiswa ngomlomo (hadith), futhi abafundisi bakhe u-Alai, u-Izz al-Din ibn Jama’a, u-Taqi al-Din al-Subki, u-Isnawi, no-Abu al-Fida ibn Kathir baye bayigqamisa le ndawo yakhe.
Çok küçük yaşlardan itibaren telif çalışmalarına başlayan
U-Iraqi, wenza ucwaningo nge-hadith (izinkulumo zomprofethi uMuhammad) ezisencwadini ka-Ghazali ethi Ihya’ Ulum al-Din, ngesikhathi eneminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Ngemva kuka-752 (1351), wazinikela ngokuphelele ekufundiseni, ekufundeni nasekuzibhaleleni izindaba. Wavuselela izifundo zokubhala izindaba, ezazishaywe indiva isikhathi eside kusukela ku-Ibnü’s-Salâh eş-Şehrezûrî.
Waqala eMadina, wabe esefundisa abafundi bakhe izihadiithi emihlanganweni yokufundisa izihadiithi eyi-416 iminyaka eyishumi nanye, kwaze kwaba yizinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe eCairo. U-Ibn Hajar uthi wayebhala iningi lezihadiithi ezifundisweni zakhe ngalezi zikhathi. Izikhungo ezibalulekile lapho ayefundisa khona izihadiithi eCairo kwakuyi-Kamiliyya ne-Zahiriyya, kanye ne-Ibn Tolun Mosque. Wayephinde afundise izifundo ze-fiqh e-Faziliyya Madrasa. Wayephinde afundise izihadiithi, anikeze ama-fatwa emadolobheni ahlukahlukene eGibhithe naseSiriya, eMekka naseMadina. ECairo, wayeqeqesha abafundi futhi enza imisebenzi yokushumayela. EMadina, wenza umsebenzi wobukhadi iminyaka emithathu nezinyanga ezinhlanu kusukela ngonyaka ka-788 (1386).
Waqhuba imisebenzi yobumfundisi nokushumayela eMasjid an-Nabawi.
Ngemva kwalokho, waphatha isikhundla sokuba yisikhulu sezomthetho eMecca.
UmIraqi
‘dan, döneminin tanınmış âlimlerinin hemen hepsi faydalanmıştır.
U-Abul-Fida Ibn Kathir,
Nakuba ayemdala kunaye ngeminyaka engamashumi amabili nane, wayefunde ezinye izincwadi zakhe futhi wazuza kuye ngokuphathelene nokuhlaziya amahadith. Nokho, labo abazuza kakhulu ku-Iraqi ngu-Nuredin al-Heysemi, u-Ibn Hajar al-Askalani, kanye nendodana yakhe eyaziwa ngokuthi u-Abu Zur’a, u-Ibn al-Iraqi. U-Heysemi wayengumngane wakhe, umkhwenyana wakhe, kanye nomsekeli wakhe omkhulu. U-Iraqi waqondisa u-Heysemi ukuba asebenze ngesihloko se-zawaid futhi wamqondisa kulezi zifundo zakhe. U-Ibn Hajar waba umfundi ka-Iraqi iminyaka eyishumi, futhi wafunda kuye izincwadi zakhe kanye ne-ash-Shamail ka-Tirmidhi, es-Sunan ka-Daraqutni, es-Sahih ka-Abu Awana, es-Sunan al-Kubra ka-Bayhaqi, nezinye izincwadi eziningi.
U-Ibn al-Iraqi naye wazuza ithuba ngalinye elivela kuyise. Ukufa kwakhe kwabonisa ukuthi wayenendlela ekhethekile yokubheka abafundi bakhe abathathu, njengoba lapho umuntu embuza ukuthi yibaphi abafundi ababengabafundi abakhulu abasele ngemva kwakhe, waphawula kuqala u-Ibn Hajar, wabe esebiza indodana yakhe u-Abu Zur’a, waphinde waphawula u-Nur al-Din al-Haythami.
UmIraqi
Uzuze udumo olukhulu ngenxa yobuntu bakhe obuhle, ukuzithiba, ukuzinikela, kanye nokuqonda kwakhe okukhulu emkhakheni wezifundo ze-hadith. Ngempela, uthisha wakhe u-Izz al-Din ibn Jama’a wambheka njengomuntu onegunya kakhulu e-Egypt emkhakheni we-hadith, u-Ibn Hajar wathi akakaze ambone umuntu owazi imfundiso ye-hadith kangcono kunaye, kanti u-Suyuti wathi u-Iraqi wayengumvuseleli wekhulu lesi-8 (14).
UZeynüddin el-lrâki washona ngomhlaka 8 Shaban 806 (20 February 1404). U-Ibn Hacer, ngesikhathi ebhala isililo eside, wazwakalisa usizi lwakhe, waphinda wanikeza ulwazi ngemisebenzi yakhe ebalulekile.
Ezinye Izincwadi Zakhe
1. Ukwazisa ngokuphila…
Imibhalo yomlando ikhombisa ukuthi le ncwadi, eyakhiwe ngemiqulu emine futhi yaqedwa ngo-751 (1350), iyincwadi yokuqala nenkhulu kunazo zonke kwezintathu ezabhalwa ngumlobi ukuze ahlele amahadith e-Ihyâu ulûmi’d-din. Ezinye izincwadi ezimbili azibhalile ngale ndaba yi-el-Keşfü’l-mübîn ne-el-Muğnî. Incwadi yokugcina isafika nanamuhla.
2. Ukubeka imingcele nokucacisa.
Lolu ngumsebenzi wokuqala kwemibili yomlobi ngesingeniso sika-Ibn Salâh, okuthiwa nguye umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezindlela zokufundisa hadith. U-Iraqi ulandele ukuhlelwa kwesingeniso ngendlela efanayo, wachaza izingxenye azibona zidingekile, waphakamisa iziphikiso zakhe lapho kudingeka, futhi wabonisa ukugxekwa okungafanele okwakubhekiswe ku-Ibn al-Salah.
3. I-Effiyye.
U-Iraqi wafingqa i-Muqaddimah ka-Ibnus-Salah ngemigqa eyi-1002, wathi umsebenzi wakhe…
“Izibuyekezo zabaqalayo kanye nezikhumbuzo zabaqediweyo”
wayibiza ngaleli gama. Umsebenzi wakhe, owaziwa kakhulu njengo-al-Alfiyye njengeminye imisebenzi efanayo, kamuva wachazwa ngu-Iraqi ngesihloko esithi Fethu’l-muğis.
4. Ukusondeza izindlela zokufakazela kanye nokuhlela izindlela zokufakazela.
Kule ncwadi ayibhalele indodana yakhe u-Abu Zur’a, wayiqeda ngonyaka ka-775 (1373-74). Kule ncwadi, u-Iraqi uqoqe izingxenye ezithile zezahlulelo ezivela kuma-hadith ezilandiswe ngezindlela eziqinile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ku-al-Musnad ka-Ahmad b. Hanbal naku-al-Muwatta’ ka-Imam Malik, wazihlela ngokwezahluko nangokwezihloko, waphinda wazifaka ekugcineni kwencwadi.
“Izicabha Zokuziphatha”
uhlanganise izindaba zokuziphatha ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi
5. Isithasiselo kuMizani’l-itidal.
Incwadi enikeza ulwazi mayelana nabalandisi abangu-787 uZehebi angabafakanga ku-Mîzânül-itidâl, nakuba babefanele ukufakwa, isishicilelwe.
U-Iraqi naye wayenemisebenzi efana ne-Nazmü Minhâci’l-vüsûl, i-Tekmiletü Şerhi’t-Tirmizî, i-Kitâbü’l-Erbaîn, i-et-Tüsâ’iyyât, kanye ne-ed-Dûrerû’s-seniyye.
(bheka i-TDV Diyanet Encyclopedia, isihloko esithi Iraki Zeynuddin)
Ngiyabingelela ngithandazela…
UbuSulumane Ngemibuzo
