– Uma kwenzeke ngenxa yokuqhuma, yini leyo eyayiqhuma, futhi yayikuphi ngaphambili?
– Kunento we-Big Bang, engingawazi kahle imininingwane yawo. Ngicabanga ukuthi uthi indawo yonke yadalwa ngokuqhuma. Ngakho-ke, ngizibuza lokhu:
– Leyo nto eyabhaxabuxayo yayiyini ngaphambili, yayikuphi, ingabe umthamo eyayikuwo wawungenasiphelo?
– Uma kwathiwa yaqhuma yakha umkhathi, ngaleso sikhathi yayikade ikuphi, futhi yayisendaweni enjani?
Mthandiwe, mzalwane wethu,
Indlela indawo yonke ebanzi esikuyo eyaba khona ngayo, lapho iya khona, kanye nendlela imithetho elawula ukuhleleka nokulinganisela kuyo esebenza ngayo, bekulokhu kuyindaba yokukhathazeka kubantu kuzo zonke izizukulwane. Ososayensi nabacabangi baye benza ucwaningo oluningi ngale ndaba amakhulu eminyaka, futhi bakhiqize izinkolelo-mbono eziningi.
Umbono owawudume ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhulu lama-20 kwakuwukuthi indawo yonke yayingenamkhawulo, yayikhona kusukela phakade futhi izoqhubeka ikhona kuze kube phakade. Ngokwalo mbono, kwakungekho ukuqala noma ukuphela kwendawo yonke.
Leli qembu, eliyisisekelo sefilosofi yobumaterialist, laliyibona indawo yonke njengeqoqo lezinto ezibonakalayo ezimile, ezingashintshi futhi ezingaguquki, ngesikhathi esifanayo lalenqaba ukuba khona koMdali.
Konke, ngisho nalokho okungakadalwa, kwadalwa ngokuqhuma okukhulu lapho kwakusephuzwini elilodwa, kwase kuhlukana kwakha isimo samanje sendawo yonke. Umaterialismu yisistimu yemicabango ebona indaba njengento ekhona ngokuphelele, engavumeli ukuba khona kwanoma yini enye ngaphandle kwendaba. Lesisistimu yemicabango, esukela emuva eGrisi lasendulo kodwa eyasabalala kakhulu ngekhulu le-19, yaziwa kakhulu ngomaterialismu we-dialectical kaKarl Marx.
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, imodeli yezwe elingaguqukiyo yekhulu le-19 yayinikeza isisekelo sefilosofi yobumaterialist. UGeorge Politzer, isazi sefilosofi yobumaterialist, ngokusekelwe kule modeli yezwe, encwadini yakhe waphakamisa ukuthi ayikho, futhi wathi:
“Ukuba ngabe yadalwa, ngabe yadalwa nguNkulunkulu ngesikhathi esithile futhi yadalwa ingekho.”
Lapho uPolitzer ethi indawo yonke ayizange idalwe ngaphandle kokuba khona, wayesekela umbono wakhe kumodeli wendawo yonke eyayizinzile ekhulwini le-19, ngakho-ke wayecabanga ukuthi uletha umbono wesayensi. Kodwa-ke, isayensi nobuchwepheshe obathuthukile ekhulwini le-20 babhidlize ngokuphelele imibono eyayisasebenza ngaleso sikhathi, njengombono wendawo yonke eyayizinzile owawunikeza isisekelo kubantu abakholelwa ezintweni ezibonakalayo. Ngalesi sikhathi esisondela ekhulwini le-21, isayensi yanamuhla isebenzisa izilingo, ukubuka kanye nokubala okuningi ukufakazela ukuthi indawo yonke inesiqalo, ukuthi yadalwa ngokuqhuma okukhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwatholakala ukuthi indawo yonke ayizinzile futhi ayimi njengoba abantu abakholelwa ezintweni ezibonakalayo bephikelela, kodwa kunalokho, ihlala isesimweni sokunyakaza nokushintsha, futhi iyanda. Namuhla, leli qiniso lamukelwa yiyo yonke imiphakathi yesayensi.
Ngo-1929, e-Mount Wilson Observatory eCalifornia, isazi sezinkanyezi saseMelika sasebenzisa iteleskopu yaso enkulu ukuhlola isibhakabhaka, saphawula ukuthi izinkanyezi zikhipha ukukhanya okusondela kubomvu, kuye ngobude bazo. Lokhu kutholwa kwaba nempumelelo enkulu emhlabeni wesayensi. Ngoba ngokwemithetho yefiziksi eyaziwayo, i-spectrum yokukhanya okuhamba ngokuya endaweni yokubuka ishintsha ngokuya ngakububende, kanti i-spectrum yokukhanya okuhamba ngokuya kude nendawo yokubuka ishintsha ngokuya ngakubomvu. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokubuka kukaHubble, kwaphawulwa ukushintsha ngakubomvu ekukhanyeni kwezinkanyezi. Ngakho-ke, izinkanyezi zazilokhu ziqhela kithi.
Izinkanyezi nemithala zazihlukana, hhayi kuphela kithi, kodwa nazo zihlukana zodwa. Umphumela owodwa ongatholakala endaweni yonke lapho yonke into ihlukana khona, ukuthi indawo yonke yayihlala injalo njalo. Ukuze uqonde kangcono, ungacabanga ngendawo yonke njengendawo yebhaluni eliphefumulelwayo. Njengoba amachashazi endaweni yebhaluni ehamba ehlukana njengoba ibhaluni liphefumulelwa, izinto ezisendaweni yonke nazo zihamba ehlukana njengoba indawo yonke inwebeka.
Eqinisweni, leli qiniso lase litholwe ngaphambili ngokwethiyori. U-Einstein, owabhekwa njengososayensi omkhulu kuleli khulu leminyaka, ngemibalo yakhe emkhakheni wefiziksi yethiyori, wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi indawo yonke ayinakuba yindawo engashintshi. Kodwa, ukuze angaphikisani nemodeli yendawo yonke engashintshi eyayivame ukwamukelwa ngaleso sikhathi, walishiya eceleni leli tholakaliso. U-Einstein kamuva wazobiza lesi senzo sakhe ngokuthi “iphutha elikhulu kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe”. Kamuva, ngemibono ka-Hubble, kwaba yiqiniso ukuthi indawo yonke iyanda.
Uma sibheka emuva ngesikhathi, kuvela ukuthi indawo yonke yaqala ngaphuzu elilodwa. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi leli phuzu, elaliqukethe yonke into yendawo yonke, kwakufanele libe nencazelo yobukhulu obuyiziro. Ukuqhuma kwale phuzu elingenavolumu kwaholela ekudalweni kwendawo yonke. Lolu kuqhuma olukhulu, oluyisiqalo sendawo yonke, lwabizwa ngegama lalo lesiNgisi, futhi le nkolelo-mbono yaziwa ngalelo gama.
Eqinisweni, ivolumu eyiziro yindlela yokuchaza le ndaba ngokwethiyori. Isayensi ingachaza kuphela umqondo ‘wokungabikho’, okuyinto engaphezu kwemingcele yokuqonda kwengqondo yomuntu, ngendlela ‘yendawo enevolumu eyiziro’. Eqinisweni, ‘indawo enevolumu eyiziro’ isho ‘ukungabikho’. Indawo yonke nayo yadalwa kusukela ekungabikho. Ngamanye amazwi, yadalwa.
Leliqiniso elikhulu, elafinyelelwa yifiziksi yanamuhla kuphela ngasekupheleni kwale nkulungwane, latshelwa thina eQur’an eminyakeni eyinkulungwane nane ngaphambili:
Njengoba kwaziwa, inkolelo-mbono yayo yabonisa ukuthi ekuqaleni zonke izinto ezisemkhathini zazihlangene ndawonye, zase zihlukana kamuva. Leliqiniso elavezwa yinkolelo-mbono yeBig Bang, nalo laphinde latshelwa eQur’an, emakhulwini amane nane eminyaka ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu, ngesikhathi ulwazi lwabantu ngomkhathi lwalulinganiselwe kakhulu:
Ngakho-ke, yonke into, ngisho naleyo engakadalwa, yadalwa ngokuqhuma okukhulu lapho yonke into yayisendaweni eyodwa, yase ihlukana yaba yizinto ezahlukene, yase yakha indawo yonke njengoba siyazi namuhla. Uma siqhathanisa amazwi e-vesi nethiyori, sibona ukuthi ayavumelana ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ukwethulwa kwe-Big Bang njengombono wesayensi kwaba khona kuphela ngekhulu lama-20.
Ukwanda kwendawo yonke kungenye yezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zethiyori yokuthi indawo yonke yadalwa ngaphandle kwento. Leliqiniso, eliqhubeka kusukela ekudalweni kwendawo yonke, laze laqashelwa yisayensi yanamuhla kuleli khulu leminyaka, kodwa iKoran yona yaveza leliqiniso eminyakeni eyinkulungwane nane edlule:
(yena)
Njengoba kubonakala, inkolelo-mbono yeBig Bang yayiyibufakazi bokuthi indawo yonke “yadalwa ngaphandle kokuba khona”, okusho ukuthi yadalwa nguNkulunkulu. Ngokunqoba kweBig Bang, umqondo owawuyisisekelo sefilosofi yezinto ezibonakalayo naye waba yingxenye yomlando. Pho-ke, kwakukhona yini ngaphambi kweBig Bang, futhi yini amandla ayenza indawo yonke eyayingenakho ukuba khona yaba khona ngalokhu kuqhuma okukhulu? Ngokuqinisekile, lo mbuzo ubonisa ukuba khona koMdali. Ufilosofi odumile ongakholwa kuNkulunkulu, u-Anthony Flew, uthi ngalokhu:
“Kuthiwa ukuvuma izono kuyawuthoba umphefumulo. Ngizovuma nami: Imfundiso yeBig Bang iyaphazamisa kakhulu kumuntu ongakholwa kuNkulunkulu. Ngoba isayensi iye yafakazela isitatimende esivunyelwa yimithombo yenkolo: isitatimende sokuthi umhlaba unesiqalo. Singakwazi kuphela ukuthi umhlaba unencazelo ephelele yobukhona bawo uma sivuma ukuthi awunawo isiphetho nesiqalo. Ngisayikholwa kule ncazelo, kodwa ngiyavuma ukuthi akulula futhi akukhululekile ukuyivikela phambi kweBig Bang.”
Abaningi abasayensi abangazibopheleli ngokuphofu ekubeni abangakholwa kuNkulunkulu, bayavuma ukuthi kukhona uMdali onamandla onke owadala indawo yonke. Lo Mdali kumele abe yisidalwa esizimele kokubili endabeni nasesikhathini, okusho ukuthi akazange adalwe yizo. U-astrophysicist waseMelika odumile uyachaza leliqiniso ngale ndlela:
“Uma isikhathi nendaba kwavela ngokuqhuma, khona-ke imbangela eyadala umkhathi kumele izimele ngokuphelele esikhathini nasesikhaleni esisemkhathini. Lokhu kusibonisa ukuthi uMdali ungaphezu kwazo zonke izilinganiso ezisemkhathini. Kuyaphinda kuqinisekise ukuthi uMdali akasiye umkhathi ngokwawo, njengoba abanye bephikisana, kodwa uyawuhlanganisa, futhi akasiwo nje amandla angaphakathi emkhathini.”
Njengoba lesi sazi-sayensi sisho, indaba nesikhathi kwadalwa nguMdali onamandla onke, ozimele kuyo yonke le mibono.
Ngiyabingelela ngithandazela…
UbuSulumane Ngemibuzo
