Mthandiwe, mzalwane wethu,
Umuntu wenza isimo esifana nomuntu ngamatshe nangomhlabathi. Lokhu akudluli ekubeni yisithombe esenziwe ngamatshe, ngomhlabathi noma ngepulasitiki. U-Allah uTa’ala naye wadala umuntu ophilayo ngomhlabathi. Ukuthi abanye abantu bathi babhale okufana ne-Kur’an, akuhluke ekuthini isithombe esingenamphefumulo singumuntu.
Uma le ncwadi ihlolisiswa, kuzobonakala ukuthi kunomkhuba wokulwa ne-Islam nokufaka izimiso nezimfundiso zobuKristu. Ukuthi umbhali wale ncwadi naye uyisitha se-Islam futhi uzama ukusabalalisa ubuKristu, kubonisa ngokusobala ubukhulu bale ndaba.
Ngakho-ke, akukho ngisho nendima eyodwa ye-Qur’an engalinganiswa ngayo, noma ngabe kunezindlela ezingamashumi amane. Njengoba kungathiwa “ngenze isithombe esifana nalesi esenziwe ngopulasitiki”, ngokufanayo, akungathiwa “ngenze incwadi efana ne-Qur’an” ngokuhlanganisa amazwi abantu.
Ngezansi, sethula ucwaningo oluphathelene nalolu daba:
Umlando uqopha amanga nezinye izinsolo eziningi ezaphonswa ngokuphambene neQur’an kusukela ekwehleni kwayo kuze kube namuhla. Abanye abazibiza ngabaprofethi bamanga, ababona ukuthi ubuSulumane busebenza ngeQur’an, baqala ukuzama ukulingisa iQur’an ngokuphikisana nayo, ngokuya ngesitayela nangesipho sokukhuluma, kusukela eminyakeni eyayiseduze nokufa kukaMprofethi (ukuthula nokubusiswa kube phezu kwakhe). Kodwa abazange baphumelele, futhi iziphetho zabo zaba yizinhloni. Izizathu eziyinhloko zale mizamo zihlanganisa ukuzithanda kwezizwe, ukuthanda ingcebo nesikhundla.
– Musaylima ibn Habib al-Kazzab,
– Ayhede b. Kâ’b (el-Esvedü’l-Ansî),
– U-Abu’t-Tayyib al-Mutanabbi,
– U-Abu’l-Alâ al-Ma’arri kanye
– Mirza Ali Muhammed.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulo lonke umlando, kokubili izazi zamaKristu ezazihlala emazweni amaSulumane nakwamanye amazwe zabhala izincwadi ezazigxeka ubuSulumane futhi zivikela izinkolo zazo. Wonke umuntu wenkolo wayebheka isehlakalo ngombono wakhe siqu futhi ebhala izincwadi eziphikisana nalolu olunye uhlangothi. Lo mbono ongemuhle wamaKristu ngobuSulumane ubulokhu ugciniwe futhi waqhubeka kusukela ezikhathini zakuqala kuze kube namuhla. Ngempela, incwadi yeqiniso eyisihloko salolu cwaningo iyisibonelo esiphilayo sokugcina salo mbono ongemuhle nangenhloso embi. Lezi zinyathelo ezifanayo, njengezibonelo zangaphambili, zizothatha indawo yazo emlandweni.
Lolu wuhlelo oluyisandiso senqubo ye-“inkulturation” (ukufaka isiko), enye yezindlela zokugcina ezathuthukiswa ngabathiyori bamishini. Umgomo walo mkhuba ukuzinza kuqala esikweni lendawo, bese kulandela ukulonakalisa nokulibhubhisa. Igama lalo lincwadi likhethwe ngobuciko kakhulu yiqembu elabhala incwadi, lithathwe egameni elisetshenziswa e-Kur’an, okuyigama elisuka emgomeni womhlaba wamaSulumane. Ngempela, lencwadi yomgunyathi igcwele ukuthuka nokuhlambalaza i-Kur’an, incwadi yethu engcwele, kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni, futhi ihlose ukudida izingqondo zamaSulumane nokonakalisa inkolo yabo. Lolu cwaningo lwethu luyisingeniso esifushane nokugxeka kwencwadi enegama elithi…
Ngoba le ncwadi yakhiwe ngokuguqula amagama atholakala eQur’an. Le ncwadi yaqala ukubhalwa ngolimi lwesi-Arabhu ngo-1999, yabe isihunyushelwa esiNgisini ngegama layo. Emazwini angaphambi kwencwadi, abantu ababili abavela eqenjini elibhekene nokubhala, bazethula ngamagama abo ayizifihlo, kodwa bafihla amagama abo angempela. Nokho, uma kucwaningwa amawebhusayithi ahlobene nalolu daba, kuyaqondakala ukuthi kukhona umuntu ozibiza ngaleli gama. Ngokufanayo, kuyabonakala ukuthi lo muntu ungumhleli nomlungiseleli wencwadi enegama elithi.
Umfundisi wevangeli, umhleli waleli bhuku owaziwa ngekhodi el-Mehdî, wathi ezingxoxweni zakhe zango-1999 ne-Atlantic Monthly kanye ne-Baptist New,
Ngoba le ncwadi yethula isigijimi seBhayibheli kubantu base-Arabhu ngolimi lwakudala. Kanti futhi, kushiwo ukuthi ukubhalwa kwale ncwadi kwathatha iminyaka eyisikhombisa, hhayi iminyaka engamashumi amabili nantathu njengoba kwenzeka ngeKoran, futhi kuthiwa yimveliso yezambulo(!) nemphefumulo(!), bese kuthiwa:
Ngokwabaluleli bencwadi, le ncwadi kuthiwa iqukethe zonke izici ze-Qur’an, incwadi engcwele yamaSulumane, ngazo zonke izici zayo. Ibhaliwe ngendlela yezinkondlo nendlela yezindatshana, ngolimi lwesi-Arabhu oluhlanzekile, oluklasikhi. Kuye kwabhekisiswa isitayela nokuhamba kahle kwendaba. Kodwa abanye abacwaningi bama-Arabhu abaye bahlola le ncwadi ngokomthetho-sisekelo, bathole ukuthi inamaphutha amaningi kakhulu.
Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi izinhloso ezihlukahlukene zezombangazwe noma zezomnotho zenza isisekelo salolu hlobo lwemisebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi yezithunywa zevangeli ingabalwa njengenye yezinto ezisheshisa le mizamweni. Ngoba uma ubheka okuqukethwe yincwadi, ubona ukuthi igcwele izimfundiso zobuKristu kanye nemfundiso yezinkolo. Inhloso eyinhloko ukufundisa ukuthi iKoran yincwadi eyenziwe ngabantu, bese kunikezwa amaMuslimu incwadi engcwele(!) entsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufaka ukungabaza kumaMuslimu mayelana nokuqukethwe yiKoran, nokuvimbela ukukhula kwe-Islam, okuyinto ekhulayo eNtshonalanga.
Kuyabonakala ukuthi amawebhusayithi obuKristu ayishicilele le ncwadi, ayayikhangisa, futhi ayabhala izihloko ezitusa le ncwadi. Le ncwadi ithole ukwesekwa okukhulu emhlabeni wobuKristu, ikakhulukazi emaqenjini obuKristu abavangeli. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlangano ezifana ne-A Middle East seminary president, A Los Angeles, CA Muslim convert, Billy Graham Center for Muslim Studies, Evangelical Mission Quarterly, Baptist Press, zayithusa kakhulu le ncwadi futhi zaveza ukukholwa kwazo ukuthi amaSulumane azoguqulelwa ebuKristwini ngale ndlela. U-CS Arthur, esihlokweni sakhe, uthi: “Sekuyisikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1400 izimpendulo ku-Quran nasezimangweni zayo zibhalwa ngesaba. Kodwa manje, izincwadi zamaSulumane zibhekene ngempela ne-Quran. Le ncwadi isezingeni elilingana nendlela yokubhala nokuphumelela kwe-Quran. Ngisho idlula izimfundiso ezitholakala ku-Quran.” Ube eselandisa ngalokhu okuvela kumuntu owayekhona ekomidini lokushicilela nokuphatha le ncwadi, ngaphansi kwegama elithi “el-Mehdi”: “Abangane bethu abangamaSulumane, abangaphezu kwebhiliyoni elilodwa abahlala emazweni angamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye, abakayitholi imiyalezo eyiyo yeBhayibheli. Le ncwadi izobathumelela leyo miyalezo.”
Le ncwadi, enezahluko ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa nesikhombisa (izahluko eziqanjiwe), futhi isahluko ngasinye siqala ngesisho esifana nalesi: “Ngokuthi uNkulunkulu uMninimandla onke, uMninimandla onke, uMninimandla onke, uMninimandla onke.” Isahluko ngasinye siqukethe amavesi ambalwa. Lawa mavesi anombolo 1, 2, 3, 4. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sizama ukufana ne-Qur’an, futhi izahluko zencwadi zibizwa ngokuthi izahluko (surah).
Izahluko (ama-surah) encwadi ngokuvamile ziqala ngamazwi okuqala ahambisana negama leyo surah, futhi zibhekiswe kumaMuslim.
Amanye amagama avela kwezinye izahluko athathwe eKoran, ngoba imiqondo efanayo iyatholakala eKoran. ez-Zevâc, et-Tuhr, el-Mîzân, eş-Şehîd amanye alawo. Ezinye izahluko zikhethwe ngamagama ahlazisa futhi ahlambalaza amaMuslim. Ngokwesibonelo, el-Mâkirun (abakhohlisi), el-Mufterun (abakhohlisi), el-Muharridun (abashushuzi), el-Kafirun (abaphikisi), el-Müşrikûn (abakhonza izithixo).
Ababhali bale ncwadi bathi umbhalo wayo wembulwa ku “es-Safiyy” ngendlela yezambulo. Ngempela, kule sura yabo eyisungulwa, abayibiza ngeTenzil, kukhona lezi zinkulumo:
Njengoba kubonakala, isigaba esingenhla sithathwe ngokuqondile ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Quran, saphinde sashintshwa kancane. Ngakho-ke, akukho okwangempela kulezi zinkulumo ezincwadini. Kunalokho, kuyizinto ezilingisiwe nezithathwe kwabanye.
Le ndlela ifana kakhulu nendlela yokuthunga evamile.
Njengoba kuzobonakala lapho incwadi isifundwa yonke, injongo ebaluleke kakhulu yale ncwadi ukuthi ithi iqiniso liyiphutha, kanti iphutha liyiqiniso. Ngokwesibonelo, iKoran ikhuluma ngezinyanga ezine ezingcwele, futhi iyala ukuthi lezi zinyanga zihlonishwe; iyavimbela ukuthi kwenziwe izinto ezinjengempi kulezi zinyanga.
Kodwa incwadi okukhulunywa ngayo ingase ichaze ukuthi into enjalo yaqanjwa ngamanga ukuze kuhlaselwe amaMuslim ngisho ngenyanga kaRamadan, ngokuqamba amanga ngoNkulunkulu. Evesini elingelona iqiniso elibizwa ngokuthi iSelam (ukuthula), sifunda lokhu:
Kwenye enye i-surah yabo eyisishayamthetho, kugcizelelwa ukuthi amaMuslim akhohlakele, kukhunjuzwa ukuthi kuthiwa kuwo “ngenani ekuthuleni”, kodwa empeleni kuthiwa amaMuslim akakholwa kulokhu. Ikakhulu, amavesi ayisishayamthetho 3, 4, no-7 kuleyo surah, amavesi e-Kur’an ayaphenduphendulwa, kuthiwa uNkulunkulu akakhiphi umyalo wempi, kodwa lokhu kungaba yisikhuthazo sikaSathane.
Incwadi enesihloko esithi, iqukethe isahluko esibizwa ngokuthi i-Nisa, esizama ukuhlekisa nokudelela amalungelo abesifazane akhulunywa ngawo e-Quran. Ngisho nomyalo we-Quran wokuthi abesifazane bakhulume ngemuva kwendwangu (ukuzifihla) uyahlekiswa, futhi ivesi elifanayo liyatholakala kule ncwadi, lithi umyalo onjalo uyabacindezela abesifazane. Kodwa-ke, umgomo oyinhloko lapha ukuvikela abantu ekulingweni okungenzeka kwenkanuko. Akuhlangene nakancane nokucindezela abesifazane.
Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ezitholakala encwadini ekhulunywe ngayo, ukugxekwa ngendlela enolaka kwezinhlaka zokufa, ubufakazi, njll. zeQur’an, ngaphakathi kwesahluko esingamanga esibizwa ngokuthi iNisa. Lapha, indaba yefa lomfazi, ubufakazi bakhe, ukuthi amadoda aphakeme ngandlela-thile kunabesifazane, nezinye izinto ezifanayo ziyaxoxwa, kwenziwa umzamo wokuhlekisa ngeQur’an:
Kuleli-surah eyisibizayo, izigameko zokulwa nobuSulumane ziyanda kakhulu, kanti kugcizelelwa ukuthi izimpi ezishiwo eKoran ezilwelwa endleleni kaNkulunkulu azilona iqiniso, ngakho-ke akukho ukuthola izulu, nokuthi uNkulunkulu akazange ayale ngalokho. Kule-surah, amaSulumane abekwa icala lokwenza umonakalo emhlabeni, kuthiwa abhubhisa isintu nomnotho. Labo abakholelwa kule ncwadi engcwele eyisibizayo ethi el-Furkânu’l-Hak banikezwa izindaba ezinhle zezulu, kanti inkulumo yayo yesithupha ithi:
Ivesi yokuqala yale sura, ekhuluma ngobubaluleke bokuzila ukudla, icaphuna isisho esivela kuSunnah. Ivesi lesithathu liyakhuluma nabazenzisi, okungukuthi amaMuslim, lize lithi:
Esinye isahluko esibizwa ngaleli gama, endimeni yaso yeshumi nesishiyagalombili, umprofethi uMuhammad (ukuthula kube kuye) uchazwa njengomthumeli womshumayizi wamanga kakhulu nowaxoshiwe, kanti amaMuslim achazwa njengabantu abangakholwa.
Kwenye enye enye eyibizwa ngokuthi “isura” (isahluko) esingelona iqiniso, igama elithi “mekr” (ukukhohlisa) lisetshenziswa kaningi, futhi kuthathwa izinkomba ezifanayo eziseQuran. Kwenye enye eyibizwa ngokuthi “aya” (ivesi) yesithathu, kukhulunywa ngomprofethi uMuhammad (ukuthula kube kuye), kuthiwa -ngokungahloniphi- wayekhuthaza abantu bakhe ukuba babulale futhi baphinge, kuthiwa lokhu akuyona imfanelo yomprofethi, kodwa kungaba imfanelo kashayithani oqalekisiwe.
Njengoba sike sasho ngaphambili, inhloso enkulu yale ncwadi ukuhlambalaza amaMuslim, izincwadi zawo, kanye nezinto ezingcwele zawo. Ngempela, kule sura eyenziwe ngamanga, kuthiwa amaMuslim alandela uTaghut, ngaleyo ndlela ewa emgodini ojulile.
Ekuqaleni kwesigwebo sokuqala, esiqala ngenkulumo ethi “labo abaphambuka phakathi kwezinceku zethu,” kuphakanyiswa futhi kukhulunywa ngendima yama-47 yendima ye-Maide eQur’an njengesibonelo.
Le sura, eyona ndebe yinde kunazo zonke ezikule ncwadi, inezindima ezingamanga ezingamashumi amathathu nesikhombisa. Njengoba igama layo libonisa, le sura ibiza amaSulumane ngokuthi ngabakhulekeli bezithombe. Indima eyona ekhangayo nengqaphelekayo yileyo ehlathulula ukulalela uMprofethi njengokukhulekela izithombe.
Kulesi kucaphuna ezinye izindima zeQur’an, kugcizelelwa ukuthi incwadi ethi el-Furkanu’l-Hak yafika ivela kuNkulunkulu ukuze iqinisekise iVangeli. Ngempela, umusho wesibili uthi:
Le ncwadi, ngezinye izikhathi, ikopisha amagama e-Qur’an ngqo, ngaphandle kokushintsha lutho. Lokhu kungabonakala ezigabeni eziningi zale sura eyenziwe ngendlela yobuqili ebizwa nge-Kebâir. Isigaba se-12 kule sura yona iyikopi eliqondile le-Bakara, 171.
Kulesi sikhathi lapho kwenziwa khona imizamo emikhulu kakhulu yokwakha ubudlelwano phakathi kwempucuko, sicabanga ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zokuzama ezivusa amadlingozi, ezikhuthaza ukungqubuzana kwempucuko, kufanele ziyekwe. Silindele ukuthi abanye abantu baseNtshonalanga abazama ukuhlonipha izilwane nezitshalo nabo bahloniphe amaSulumane, inkolo yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni kanye nabalandeli bayo, njengoba behlonipha ezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Ngoba, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, le ncwadi iyaphawuleka ngoba ibonisa izinga lokungenelela kwemisebenzi yezinhlangano zevangeli emazweni amaSulumane. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi lezi zifundo zizovimba, noma zibhubhise, ingxoxo phakathi kwabantu abathembekile. Ukuqokomisa izici ezihlanganisayo, hhayi ezihlukanisayo, zezinkolo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuleni komhlaba. UbuSulumane, ngomgomo walo othi “inkolo yomuntu ngamunye iyeyakhe”, bubheka zonke izinkolo emhlabeni ngomqondo wokubekezelelana. Kuyancomeka ukuthi umqondo ofanayo nokubekezelelana kube khona nasezweni lobuKristu. Uma ababhali nabaxhasi bale ncwadi beqinisile, kufanele bayeke amaphupho abo ngohlelo olusha lomhlaba, bazame ukunqanda ukuchitheka kwegazi, izimpi, nokuswela emhlabeni, futhi bazame ukwenza ingxoxo efunwayo.
(UProfesa Dkt. Ali Rafet Özkan)
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-Qur’an, chofoza lapha:
Ngiyabingelela ngithandazela…
UbuSulumane Ngemibuzo
