Mthandiwe, mzalwane wethu,
Lapha
abaseduze
kuyatholakala izigaba ezimbili.
Umuntu,
Enye uhlangothi luhlanganisa abantu abanjengabazali, ogogo nomkhulu, abantwana babo kanye nabazukulu babo; olunye uhlangothi luhlanganisa abantu abanjengabafowabo, omalume, o-anti, o-babakazi kanye no-makazi.
Ubufakazi balabo abangena esigabeni sesibili buvumelekile ngokuvumelana kuzo zonke izinkolo, futhi bangafakaza.
Ngokuphathelene nalabo abangena ebangeni lokuqala,
Nakuba abanye abahlaziyi, ikakhulukazi abalandeli beHanbali, bephikisana nalo mbono, ngokwemibono yamaHanafi namaShafi’i, kuyenzeka futhi kuvumelekile. Umbono wamaShafi’i ngalokhu ulandela:
“Umshado uqinisekiswa ngabantwana abazalwa ngabashadile kanye nobufakazi babo, bese kwenzeka isivumelwano.”
(1)
Ngokwombono wehlelo lamaHanafi, yona yile:
“Ngokuphathelene nomshado, abazali nabantwana bomkhwenyana nomakoti nabo bangaba ofakazi. Nokho, ubufakazi babo ngeke buvumeleke uma kwenzeka kuba nengxabano ngalo mshado. Ngoba: Uma ufakazi engumzali noma ingane yomkhwenyana noma yomakoti, angakwazi ukufakaza ngokuphikisana naye, kodwa angeke akwazi ukufakaza ngokuphathelene naye.”
Ngakho-ke, abantu abangaba ofakazi emshadweni wendoda nentombi yilezi: abazali, ogogo nogogo, abazukulu: indodana, indodakazi, abazukulu. Kodwa ubufakazi babo abuvumelekile uma kwenzeka kuba necala elihlobene nomshado kamuva. Bangafakaza ngokuphikisana, kodwa abangafakaza ngokuphikisana nabo. (2)
“Kufanele kube khona ofakazi ababili abangamaMuslim abakhululekile nabaphethe umthwalo, noma ababili abangamaMuslim abesifazane abanalezo zimpawu, abazozwa amazwi abo mayelana nokwamukela nokuvuma. Noma ngabe ofakazi labo bangabantu abaseduze noma abakude nabo.” (3)
“Akudingeki ukuthi ofakazi abazofakaza ngokuqinisekisa umshado babe ngabantu abangeke benqatshwe yinkantolo. Uma umshado uqinisekiswa ngofakazi abayizingane zombhangqwana noma izingane zomunye wabo, umshado uyavumeleka. Noma ubani ofanele ukuba umzali noma umnakekeli emshadweni, naye ufanele ukuba ufakazi emshadweni.” (4)
Ngemva kwalezi zindaba, siqonda lesi sigwebo:
Emshadweni, umfowethu, umalume, noma umzala bangaba ofakazi, njengoba kungaba ubaba nendodana. Nokho, ukuze kugwenywe izingxabano nezinye izinkinga ezingase zivele esikhathini esizayo, lapho izihlobo zingakwazi ukufakaza ngendlela efanele, kungcono ukuthi kungabi khona izihlobo eziseduze njengofakazi emshadweni, uma kungenzeka.
Enye into okufanele uyazi ukuthi umuntu oqinisela umshado angaba ngomunye wabafakazi. Ngakho-ke, uma kunomunye umuntu wesilisa noma abesifazane ababili ngaphandle komuntu oqinisela umshado, umshado uba semthethweni.
Izithasiselo:
1 I-Encyclopedia of Islamic Jurisprudence, 9: 75.
2 Umthetho WamaSulumane kanye neSichazamazwi Sokuqonda Ngokomthetho, 2: 29.
3 Nimet-i İslâm, ikhasi 614.
4 I-Islamic Jurisprudence Encyclopedia, 9: 63.
Ngiyabingelela ngithandazela…
UbuSulumane Ngemibuzo
