– Ngokweshariya yamaShafi’i,
Uma umbhangqwana oshadile ehlukanisa, bese befuna ukushada futhi, ingabe imvume kayise wendodakazi (owesifazane) iyadingeka uma owesifazane engumShafi’i, kanti umyeni wakhe engumHanafi?
Mthandiwe, mzalwane wethu,
NgokwamaHanafi, owesifazane oqole ezingqondweni angashada ngaphandle kokudinga ummeli, njengoba kwenza umuntu wesilisa.
Nokho, uma intombazane noma owesifazane omdala eshade nendoda engalingani naye (engafaneleki), umgcini wakhe angakwazi ukuchitha lowo mshado.
(Merginani, Hidaye, I, 231).
Kwezinye izikole zemicabango ngaphandle kweHanafi, owesifazane, noma eyintombi noma umfelokazi, angashadiswa kuphela umgcini wakhe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzali akadingi ukuthatha imvume yentombi yakhe ukuze ayishadise. Kodwa uma owesifazane ongaphansi kwegunya lakhe engumfelokazi, umzali angamshadisela kuphela ngemvume yakhe. Lezi zinkolo,
“Umshado awenzeki ngaphandle komgcini.”
(Bukhari, Nikah, 36; Abu Dawud, Nikah, 19; Tirmidhi, 14, 17)
ukubheka le hadith kanye nezinye izinhadith ezifanayo njengeziphelele, kanye namantombazane
-ngisho noma kwatholwa imvume yabo-
bathi bazoshada kuphela ngabazali babo.
(Ash-Shafi’i, al-Umm, V, 21; Sahnun, al-Mudawwanah al-Kubra, II, 165; Ibn Hazm, al-Muhalla, IX, 31–32; Ibn Qudamah, al-Mughni, VII, 5).
Ama amaHanafi wona,
Lawa ma-hadith achazwa ngendlela yokuthi abesifazane namantombazane abangakafiki ezingeni lokuzimela ngokuphelele bangashada kuphela ngomvume wababheki babo. Ngokombono wokusebenza kwalezi zinhlaka, akukho mehluko phakathi kwabesifazane abangabafelokazi abashada nabayeni babo ababahlukanisile noma abanye abantu.
Ukuphakamiswa kwesikhungo sobuhlobo emshadweni kuhloswe ngakolunye uhlangothi ekutholeni ukuhlanganiswa okulula phakathi kwemindeni yababhangqwana abazoshada, nasekutholeni ukuthi isivumelwano somshado, esizoqala ubuhlobo bokuphila konke, sisekelwe ezisekelweni eziqinile ngangokunokwenzeka ngokwenza ucwaningo oludingekayo, nasekuboneni nasekuvimbeleni amaphutha angenakulungiswa nangokubuyiselwa emuva.
Ngakho-ke, umshado uyisikhungo esibalulekile.
Ngakho-ke, imvume yabazali kufanele itholwe lapho kwenziwa umshado. Nakuba umshado owenziwe ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali usasebenza ngokwemibono yabanye abafundi be-Islam, abashadile kufanele bacabangele i-hadith ebalulwe ngenhla kaMprofethi Muhammad (ukuthula kube phezu kwakhe) futhi bafune imvume yabazali babo. Uma kungekho sizathu sokuziphatha, senkolo, noma sezenhlalo-mnotho esivimbela umshado, abazali akufanele basebenzise kabi amandla abo futhi babangele ubunzima.
Kodwa uma owesifazane engumfelokazi, uyise angeke amshadishe ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe.
Ngoba uMphrofethi wethu (ukuthula kube kuye):
“Umhlolokazi akashadiswa ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe.”
[Bukhari, Nikah 41, Hiyel 3; Muslim, Nikah 64, (1419); Tirmidhi, Nikah 17, 18, (1107, 1109)]
Uthembisile. Ngakho-ke, izazi zefiqhi, kuhlanganise no-Imam Shafi’i, zivumelene ngokuthi owesifazane ohlukanisile akakwazi ukushadiswa nomuntu ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe noma uma engathandi. Uma uyise womfazi engavumi, bangenza isivumelwano somshado ngokulandela imfundiso yeHanafi.
Ngiyabingelela ngithandazela…
UbuSulumane Ngemibuzo
