– Abantwana abafa bengakafiki ebudaleni abangenacala yini, kungani-ke beba yizinceku?
“Kuzungezungele bona, izingane ezihlala phakade zizungeza zikhonza, zithwele izitsha, izinkamba, nezindebe ezigcwele iwayini lasezulwini.” (Al-Waqi’ah, 56:17-18)
– Ezinye izincazelo zisho ukuthi igama elithi “Vildan” kuleli vesi lisho: “Laba yizingane ezingenasono noma izenzo ezinhle emhlabeni. Izingane zamaqaba ezifa ngaphambi kokufinyelela ebudaleni zizokhonza abantu basezulwini. Ngakho-ke nazo zizothola umusa omkhulu. Ngoba zizoba yimbangela yokungena kwazo ezulwini, futhi zizoba ngabantu basezulwini ngaphandle kokwenza izibopho zazo.”
– Kungenzeka kanjani lokhu?
– Abangane bengenacala yini ngaphambi kokuthomba, kungani-ke beba yizinceku?
Mthandiwe, mzalwane wethu,
1. Igama elithi VILDAN, elisencwadini ye-Quran, lisetshenziswe ngamuphi umqondo? Yini umehluko walo ku-ĞILMAN?
“Kuzungezungele abantu basezulwini, izingane ezincane ezenziwe zaphakade”
(izingane)
bayahamba bayosebenza.”
(Al-Waqi’ah, 56/17)
“Ngasezindaweni zabo, izingane ezincane ezenziwe zaphakade”
(izingane)
Yenawo ahamba-hamba enza umsebenzi. Uma ubona, uzozitshela ukuthi amapharele ahlakazekile.”
(Al-Insan, 76/19)
okubhalwe phakathi kwama-aya
vildân
Igama elithi “vld” lisuselwa empandeni yegama elisho ukuzala nokuba nabantwana. Kwi-Qur’an, kunezenzo namabizo amaningi avela kule mpande. Elinye lawo, u-vildân, liyibizo lobuningi lika-velîd, elisho ukuthi “owazalwa”. Kodwa, ngaphandle kokuba ngabazalwa…
(ngaphandle kokucatshangelwa kobudlelwane babo nabazali babo)
Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane.3
Velid
Nakuba kuthiwa igama elithi ‘in’ lisetshenziswa ngengane eseduze ukuzalwa,4 kusobala ukuthi lisho “izingane” ngoba leli gama lisetshenziswe ekuqaleni kwesahluko mayelana nenkathi yobuntwana kaMusa (as).5 Leli gama lisetshenziswa kokubili abantwana abangamantombazane nabafana. Ezinye izincazelo ezifakwe emazwini elithi velid, njengoba zengezwe kamuva, zihlanganisa izincazelo zokuthi “isigqila” kanye “nensizwa esebenza njengenceku”.6 Igama elithi vildân, ngaphandle kwalezi zimbili esizozihlaziya, livela kwezinye izahluko ezine: ezintathu kuNisa (izahluko 75, 98, 127) kanye nesisodwa kuMuzzammil (isahluko 17). Igama elithi velid, eliyisimo esisodwa, livela kwisahluko esisodwa (Shu’ara, 18).
Kulezi ziveli ezimbili zokuqala kwezintathu ezikuSura an-Nisa, igama elithi “vildân” lisho ababuthaka.
(AmaSulumane aseMecca abhekene nobunzima, abangakwazi ukuthutha / ababuthakathaka phakathi kwamadoda, abesifazane nezingane)
Kukho iqela lesithathu elikhankanywa kuyo, elibhekisa kubantwana abangenabani abaswelekelekileyo abakwicala labafazi abaziintlola (el-müstaz’afine mine’l-vildân).7
Kanti, eSurah Muzammil, isimo esesabekayo seQiyama siyakhulunywa:
“Uma niphika, izingane zenu
(vildân)
Ungazivikela kanjani osukwini olukwenza ukhalele ukuguga!?”
(Al-Muzzammil, 73/17).
Iqiniso liku-Al-Waqi’ah, izindima 17 kanye no-Al-Insan, indima 19.
vildân
Uma sibheka izincazelo ezinikezwe igama elithi, sibona lokhu:
Izingane, izingane zasezulwini, abantwana, izinceku ezincane, abasha, izinsizwa, izinsizwa ezisencane, izincekukazi, izincekukazi ezincane, izintombi ezincane, ubusha.
Njengoba kubonakala, kukhona izincazelo ezifanayo ngaleli vesi. Phakathi kwalezi zincazelo, ezifanele kakhulu ngokusho kwethu yilezi:
“izingane”
noma
“izingane zezulu”
Yilokhu kuwukuthi. Ngoba incazelo yegama elithi vildân njengoba libhekisela ezinganeni isobala. Ngokufingqa, akukho ukungaboni ngazwi linye mayelana nencazelo yegama elithi vildân njengoba lisho izingane.
Ighilman
Njengoba igama elithi “ghilman” lisetshenziswa kubafana, futhi inkulumo ethi “ghilmanun lehum” ithathwa njengisho ubunikazi, okusho ukuthi “abafana abangababo”, futhi njengoba kushiwo kuma-hadith ukuthi abantu basezulwini bazoba nezinceku eziningi, kungacatshangwa ukuthi laba bafana badalelwe ukukhonza ezulwini.
Kanti uVildân yena,
ngoba leli gama lihlanganisa kokubili abafana namantombazane, futhi ngokwencazelo yalo lisho ukuzalwa, laba bantwana bangaba yibo abantu basezulwini abafa ngaphambi kokuba bafikelele ebudaleni emhlabeni, kanye nezingane zabo ezidalelwe abantu basezulwini uma befisa, ngaphandle kobunzima bokukhulelwa, njengoba kushiwo kwezinye izithombe zikaMprofethi…8
Kulesi simo, bonke abantu basezulwini, ngisho nalabo abangazalanga izingane emhlabeni, bayokwazi ukuba nezingane ezulwini ngendlela abathanda ngayo.
Njengoba abantu basezulwini beyokwakhiwa ngesimo sobusha kungakhathaliseki iminyaka yabo emhlabeni, izingane ezisezulwini nazo ziyokwakhiwa kabusha ngesikhathi esihle kakhulu sobuntwana, kungakhathaliseki iminyaka yazo yokufa, ukuze zibe umthombo wenduduzo, injabulo, nokukhanya kwamehlo kubazali bazo phakade.9 Enye yezinjabulo ezingokomoya ezinkulu kakhulu empilweni yomhlaba ngokuqinisekile izingane ezincane ezithandekayo nezijabulisayo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi enye yezici ezinhle kakhulu zempilo yasezulwini iyoba lezi zingane.
2. Yini inhloso yokusebenzisa igama elithi ğılmân, elisho izingane, ukuchaza izinceku zasezulwini?
Kufaneleke kakhulu ukuthi ezindaweni lapho abantu basezulwini bekhona nabashade nabo, kube khona izinceku ezibukeka njengezingane esikhundleni sentsha. Inkonzo yezingane iyakhulula kakhulu. Kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi izingane zinamandla futhi zinamandla kakhulu ekwenzeni umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungashiwo ukuthi ngeke kube khona ukukhathala ezulwini, futhi yonke imisebenzi izokwenziwa ngenjabulo, ngakho-ke le nkonzo ngeke ibe nzima kubo, kunalokho, bazothola injabulo enkulu kuyo.
Ighilman
…kungase kucatshangwe ukuthi le nkulumo iyindlela yokukhuluma eyenziwe yafaneleka ezingeni lethu lokuqonda, ekhuluma ngalezi zinceku ezingaziwa imisebenzi yazo… Ngakho-ke, lezi zinceku…
izingane (abantwana)
Ukubizwa kwabo ngaleli gama kungase kubhekwe njengokukhomba ukuthi badalwe ngesimo nangezici ezihluke ngokuphelele, kude nokuvela nokuziphatha okukhumbuza ngobulili, ubulili nobulili, ngesimo nangokuziphatha. Ngokubona kwethu, ukuchazwa kwezinkomishi zokuphuza zabantu basezulwini njengezengilazi-siliva (kavarira min fıdda) kubonisa ukuthi lezi zinkomishi zinesimo esihluke kakhulu, futhi leli gama (ğılmân) libonisa ukuthi izinceku azikhombisi ubudala nobulili, kodwa ubumsulwa bazo, ukubukeka kwazo njengezingane, kodwa zifaneleke kakhulu ukukhonza ngamandla nangamandla. U-Ibn Abbas,
“Ezulwini, izinto ezisemhlabeni zinamagama kuphela.” (okungukuthi, izinto ezulwini zihlukile kakhulu futhi zinezimfanelo eziphakeme)
amazwi akhe nawo ayabuqinisa lo mbono wethu.
3. Vildan, uma izingane ezifa zingakafiki ebudaleni obufanele emhlabeni ziya ezulwini, kungachazwa kanjani ukuthi zizoba izinceku zabazali bazo?
Ngokusekelwe ekubalulweni kwezindima zokuthi izingane nazo zikhonza abantu basezulwini,
-uma kwenzeka ukuthi izingane ezizalwa ngaphandle komshado zibhekwa njengezingane zasezulwini-
Kungashiwo ukuthi lesi simo asihambisani nokukhonza. Ngokubona kwethu, ukukhonza abazali balezi zingane akusona isimo esibangelwa yisidingo, kodwa kukhona ubumnandi nobuhle obuhlukile ekunikezeni izibusiso ngabo.
Umsebenzi wasendlini
Sikholwa ukuthi kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwencazelo yegama elithi “umsebenzi” ezingqondweni zethu kanye nomsebenzi owenziwa yilezi zingane. Umsebenzi owenziwa yilezi zingane awuwona umsebenzi wenceku nje, kodwa umsebenzi oqondene nokubonisa uthando nokuzinikela kwabo kubazali babo.
Lolu hlobo lwenkonzo luyinto enye ngaphandle kwenkonzo, luyinto enjengezibiliboco. Ngale nkonzo, bobabili abantwana nabazali babo bayathokoza kakhulu. Ingane ekhuthele, enomdlandla, iyathandeka kakhulu kunengane enganyakazi. Ukukhuthela kwabantwana, ukuzungeza kwabo abazali babo, ukugijima kwabo ngapha nangapha, kwengeza ubuhle nokuthandeka kubo. Ngempela, ekuqaleni kwendima ye-19, lezi zinceku zezingane…
“kufaniswa namaparele ahlakazekileyo”
Lokhu kubonisa ubuningi bazo, ukuthi zihlala zisebenza, zihamba-hamba, futhi zenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene emihlanganweni nasemakhaya, kanye nokuhlanzeka nobuhle bazo. Lapho amaparele ehlukana nentambo abekwe kuyo, ukukhanya kwawo kuyabonakalisa ubuhle obuhlukile, obujabulisayo, noheha inhliziyo. Ikakhulukazi uma ehlakazwa phezu kwendwangu yegolide noma yosilika, abonakala emahle kakhulu. Amaparele asanda kukhishwa egobolondweni lawo, asahlakazekile, asakathintwa, asakasha, asanothuli, anobuhle obuhlukile obujabulisayo.10
Ngokwalezi zinkulumo, izingane ezulwini zizoba izinceku,
Akufanele abhekwe njengomsebenzi wezwe, kodwa njengobuhle bezulu. Lokhu akuyona isijeziso ezinganeni zasezulwini, kodwa yinjabulo enkulu nesibusiso. Kungashiwo ukuthi ubuhle obufanayo buyasebenza nasezinganeni zabahedeni ezifa zingakafiki ebudaleni.
Izithasiselo:
1. velede, yelidu, elidu, vulide, yuled; veled, evlad, valid, valide, valideyn, velid, mevlud, vildan.
2. Maverdî, V, 450; Râzî, XXIX, 131
3. Râzî, XXIX, 131
4. Bursevî, X, 273
5. Ash-Shu’ara, 18
6. Bheka u-Kuraşî, Kamus-i Kur’ân (isihloko esithi veled), el-Mu’cemu’l-Vasit (isihloko esithi veled)
7. UMehmet Çakır, encwadini ethi “Kur’ân-ı Kerim ve Türkçesi”, u-Nisa, ivesi 127, uyichaza ngale ndlela: “Kukhona nezinqumo ezitholakala e-Kur’an ezimayelana nabafana abangenakuzisiza…”, lapho ehlathulula khona igama elithi “vildan” njengabafana. Njengoba u-Akdemir, owenza ukuhlaziywa kwale ncwadi, ebonisa (bheka uHikmet Akdemir, “Kur’ân-ı Kerim ve Türkçesi” adlı Çeviriye Dair Bazı Değerlendirmeler” Marife, yıl: 5, sayı:2, s. 91), igama elithi “vildan” kule vesi lihlanganisa amantombazane ngendlela yokuqagela. Ngakho-ke, ukulihumusha ngokuthi “izingane” ngendlela ebanzi kungaba yikho okufanele.
8. Ngokuvumelana neningi labahlaziyi kanye nezazi ze-Islam, akukho ukuzalana (ukwanda) ePharadesi.
Nokho, ngokwezinye izindaba, kukhona ukukhulelwa okwenzeka ngendlela ehlukile kunaleyo eyenzeka empilweni yomhlaba.
Ngokwencwadi evela ku-Abu Saidi’l-Hudri, uMprofethi wethu wathi:
“Ezulwini, uma umuntu okholwayo efisa umntwana, ukukhulelwa, ukuzalwa kanye nokukhula kwenzeka ngokuphazima kweso.”
(Tirmidhi, Jannah, 23; Ibn Majah, Zuhd, 39; Darimi, Riqaq, 11; Ibn Hanbal, III, 9). Ngokunye ukubona, kukhona impilo yezocansi ePharadesi, kodwa akuzalwa izingane ngenxa yalokho. UMujaahid, uTawus, no-Ibrahim an-Naha’i banalo mbono. Ngempela, u-Abu Razin al-Ukayli ulandisa kanje kuMprofethi wethu:
“Ezulwini, abantu basezulwini abanabantwana.”
U-Ishaq ibn Ibrahim nabanye bathi, njengoba kushiwo ku-hadith ngenhla, ePharadesi, uma umuntu okholwayo efisa umntwana, umntwana uba khona ngaso leso sikhathi, kodwa uma engamfisi, akabikho (u-Sha’rani, Muhtasaru Tezkireti’l-Kurtubi, k. 104). Lapha,
“kodwa abafuni”
Kubonakala ukuthi le ndaba ayiyona ingxenye yokuqhubeka kwehadith, kodwa iyizinkulumo zika-Ishaq b. Ibrahim nabanye abalandisa amazwi kaMprofethi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, le nkulumo (hadith) ayinangqondo. Kuyacaca ukuthi ukuchaza into engeke yenzeke ngendlela enemininingwane bese kuthiwa ayenzekanga kuyinkulumo engenangqondo. Ngoba ukube kwakunjalo, kwakungeke kwabhalwa phansi ukukhulelwa, ukuzalwa nokukhula, kodwa kwakuzosetshenziswa inkulumo enjengokuthi “kwakungaba khona uma kwakufunwa”. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwegama elisho ukuthi “iza” elisho ukuqiniseka esikhundleni segama elisho ukuthi “in” elisho ukungaqiniseki, kubonisa ukuthi okufunwayo kuzokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ngombono wethu, lokhu kuhlolwa kuyincazelo eyenziwe ngendlela eyinkohliso, kusekelwe endabeni yokuthi abantu basezulwini ngeke babe nabantwana. Izindaba ezikhuluma ngalokhu zingahlanganiswa kanje: Izulu aliyona indawo yokuzalana ngendlela esiyaziyo, njengokukhulelwa njll. Akukho ukuba nabantwana njengoba kunjalo emhlabeni. Kodwa uma kufunwa, umuntu angaba nomntwana ngokuphazima kweso…
9. Kungenzeka ukuthi izingane zasezulwini zakhiwe ngeminyaka ehlukene. Ngoba isigaba ngasinye sobuntwana sinobuhle nobumnandi baso. Kungase kucatshangwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamagama athi “vildan” kanye “ğılman” ezinganeni zasezulwini kubonisa lesi simo. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi igama “vildan” lalisetshenziswa ezinganeni ezincane, kanti igama “ğılman” lalisetshenziswa ezinganeni ezisencane kakhulu.
10. Taberî, XII, 370; Maverdî, VI, 171; Zemahşerî, IV, 119; İbnu’l-Cevzî, VII, 219; VIII, 149; Kurtubî, XIX, 93; İbn Kesir, IV, 487; İbn Kayyım, Hadi’l-Ervah, s. 309; Bursevî, IX, 196; X, 273; Alûsî, XXVII, 34; XXIX, 161. UMaverdî uthi ukuthi umbono wokuthi leli qhathaniso lisho ubuningi babantwana ngowakaKatade; umbono wokuthi lisho ubumsulwa bemibala yabo nobuhle bokubukeka kwabo ngowakaSufyan-ı Sevri (ay).
Ngiyabingelela ngithandazela…
UbuSulumane Ngemibuzo
