– Ikhona yini incwadi enjalo, yini okuqukethwe kuyo?
Mthandiwe, mzalwane wethu,
Igama elithi (ṭabaqāt) ngesi-Arabhu, liyibuningi begama elithi (ṭabaqa). Leli gama lisetshenziswa ukuchaza izinto ezibekwe ngaphezulu kwezinye ngendlela yezigaba, iphepha elilodwa, noma ibhokisi elincane eliphathwayo elisetshenziselwa ukubeka ugwayi noma izigarethi.
Kule ncwadi zilandisa ngempilo yabantu abaphile ngesikhathi esifanayo, ababengochwepheshe emkhakheni wesayensi ofanayo, futhi ababengamalungu ebandla noma isekthe efanayo. Izincwadi zalezi zinhlobo zivame ukuhlanganisa isikhathi esiyishumi noma amashumi amabili eminyaka. Izincwadi ezilandisa ngempilo yabahadith, izincwadi ezilandisa ngempilo yamafuqaha, izincwadi ezilandisa ngempilo yezimbongi, izincwadi ezilandisa ngempilo yamasufi, kanye nezincwadi ezilandisa ngempilo yezazi zekirâat, nazo zibizwa kanjalo.
Incwadi yokuqala yezigaba ezifinyelele kithi kuze kube namuhla, noma i-Kitabü’t-Tabakati’l-Kebir, iyona eza kuqala engqondweni. Ngoba le ncwadi ingenye yezincwadi ezibaluleke kakhulu nezinenani elikhulu ezabhalwa ngolwazi lwezigaba. Le ncwadi inokuqukethwe okucebile kokubili ngombono womlando weHadith kanye nangokwemibiko yeHadith.(1).
Kufanele uqaphele lokhu lapho uhlola lezi zincwadi futhi usebenzisa ulwazi olukuzona:
Lezo ziqinile futhi zithembekile, futhi zingasetshenziswa ngazo zonke izindlela. Njengalezo eziqukethe izithombe kuphela.
Kungenziwa ngokuya ngama-hadith. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi amanye ama-hadith abuthakathaka, akwenziwa ngokuya ngalawo ma-hadith abuthakathaka ezintweni ezithinta ukholo nenkolelo. Kwenziwa kuphela ezintweni ezikhuthaza izenzo ezinhle nokuzigwema izinto ezingavumelekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kuphela ama-hadith, kodwa kukhona ezinye izincwadi zama-hadith ezihlanganisa nama-hadith abuthakathaka. Ngokwesibonelo, njengoba kuhlanganisa izincwadi zama-hadith eziningi.
Izincwadi ezihlanganisa kokubili ulwazi lomlando kanye nama-hadith. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-hadith athembekile, kanye nama-hadith abuthakathaka, ngisho nezinye izindaba ezagxekwa ngabanye abafundi. Kuyazuzisa ukusebenzisa lezi zincwadi. Kodwa abantu abangenawo ulwazi olwanele ngeke bakwazi ukuhlola kahle izindaba ezikulezi zincwadi, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi banqume ngendlela engalungile. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukufunda nokusebenzisa lezi zincwadi. Kodwa ukunquma ngazo kungase kungabi yikho. Incwadi oyikhuluma ngayo nayo ingena kule ngxenye.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olunzulu ngalezi zincwadi nezinye ezifana nazo, ungabheka izincwadi zeHadith Literature, izihloko ezifanele ze-Islam Encyclopedia kanye nemithombo yazo.
1) Abdulvahhap Abdullatif, el-Muhtasar fi İlmi Ricali’l-Eser, Cairo 1952, p. 18 et seq.; For extensive information on this work of Ibn Sa’d, see Subhi Salih, Hadis İlimleri ve Hadis Istılahları, Ankara 1973, translated by Yaşar Kandemir, p. 291 et seq.
Ngiyabingelela ngithandazela…
UbuSulumane Ngemibuzo
