Kwi-Quran, uJesu (as) uthi “samsekele ngomoya oyingcwele,” yini umoya oyingcwele, yini umehluko phakathi kwawo nomoya oyingcwele owamukelwa ngamaKristu? Yiziphi izinqumo ezathathwa emhlanganweni owawuseNicaea ngekhulu lesithathu leminyaka? Kwanqunywa yini ukuthi amanye amaVangeli ngaphandle kwamaVangeli amane kufanele abhubhiswe kulo mhlangano? Kuthiwa iVangeli elisondelene kakhulu neVangeli lokuqala lavinjelwa kulo mhlangano. Ingabe kukhona imibhalo yangempela ephathelene nalo mhlangano, noma ingabe yizindaba ezidluliselwa ngomlomo?
Mthandiwe, mzalwane wethu,
“Sathumela uMusa incwadi. Ngemva kwakhe, sathumela abaprofethi ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Sathumela uJesu, indodana kaMariya, ngezimangaliso nezibonakaliso ezicacileyo, samsekela ngoMoya oNgcwele (uGabriyeli). Ngakho-ke, njalo uma umprofethi efika kini, eletha into engathandeki ezinhliziyweni zenu, niyakwenqaba, nithathe abanye njengabakhohlisi, nibulale abanye!”
(Al-Baqarah, 2:87)
Ngokwezinkulumo zikaKatâde, Süddî, Dahhâk kanye noRebî, kanye nangenye indaba evela ku-Ibn Abbas, uMoya oNgcwele nguJibril (as). Futhi lokhu kubhekwa njengokunembile kakhulu kwezindaba, ngoba uMprofethi (asm) wathi kuHassân İbni Sabit (ra) ngesinye isikhathi…
“Hlamba uKureyş, uMoya oNgcwele unawena.”
njengoba asho, ngesinye isikhathi futhi
“Futhi uGabriyeli unaniwe.”
kushilo. Ngakho-ke,
“Umoya oNgcwele”
KaJibrili (as)
“Umphefumulo othembekile”
ngokunjalo, elinye igama lakhe nguHassan (ra) ngisho nasebhayitheni yakhe.
“Ingelosi uJibril, oyisithunywa sikaNkulunkulu, naye ukithi.”
Yena uMoya oNgcwele, akekho ofana naye.”
ngokuthi
UMoya oNgcwele
Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi uJibril nguMoya kaNkulunkulu. Ukubizwa kukaJibril ngokuthi “rûhullah” kuqinisekisa ukuthi uMoya oNgcwele, elinye igama likaNkulunkulu, linencazelo efanayo.
Ngokucabangela la magama asetshenziswa eKur’an, kuyaqondakala ukuthi uMoya oNgcwele usho uGabriyeli. Kodwa-ke, uma kunjalo, umbuzo olandelayo ungase uqhamuke:
– Nakuba uJibril wayehlela nakwabanye abaprofethi ngaphandle kukaJesu, kodwa lapha
“Samamqinisa ngomoya oyingcwele.”
Kuyini incazelo yokuthi kule nkulumo yezulu, isabizwana sikhonjiswe ngqo kuJesu, ngisho noMose engabandakanywa? Kungenzeka yini ukuthi le nkulumo isho ukuthi uMoya oNgcwele ungumoya ohlukile kunoGabriyeli?
Ngokuchazwa ngabahlaziyi, impendulo ithi “Cha.” Incazelo yalokhu kunikezelwa ithi: UJibril unokunikezelwa okuhlukile kuMprofethi u-Isa, okungekho isibonelo salokhu kwabanye abaprofethi. Ngoba nguJibril owamemezela ukuzalwa kwakhe kuMariya. U-Isa (as) wazalwa ngomoya wakhe (ukumphefumulela), wakhula ngokuqeqeshwa nangokusekelwa kwakhe, futhi wayehamba naye noma kuphi lapho ayeya khona. Ngempela, eSura kaMariya…
“Sathumela kuye umoya wethu, lowo moya wazibonakalisa kuye ngesimo somuntu.”
(Maryam, 19/17)
kuyalelwe. Igama elishiwo kuleli vesi
“rûhanâ”
, rûhullah, Rûhulkudüs, nguJibril.
IVANGELI KA-BARNABAS
Ikhophi yeBhayibheli eseduze kakhulu nenguqulo yokuqala.
Okwamanje kusabanga-bangiswana ukuthi wayengomunye yini wabaphostoli abayishumi nambili.
Barnaba
, wazalelwa eCyprus emndenini wamaJuda. Igama lakhe langempela ngu-
UJoseph (uYusuf)
‘tur. UBarnaba yena yisibongo esanikwa kamuva, esisho “indodana yenduduzo”.
(IBhayibheli, Izenzo Zabaphostoli, IV, 36-37; Encyclopedia Britannica, USA 1970, III/171: Türk Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul 1967, V/265).
Ukuzama ukusakaza umyalezo kaJesu (pbuh).
isikhathi esiyiminyaka emithathu
Uchithe ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi sakhe njengomlandeli wakhe oseduze. Kuyaziwa ukuthi waqoqa izinto azifunda naza zizwa kuMprofethi u-Isa (ukuthula kube kuye) encwadini. Le ncwadi ibizwa ngaye.
“Ivangeli likaBarnaba”
kuyashiwo, kodwa akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi wayibhala nini incwadi yakhe.
Ivangeli kaBarnaba
Yayamukelwa emabandleni ase-Alexandria kwaze kwaba ngu-325 AD.
Ekhulunywe ngayo ezincwadini zika-Irenaeus (120-200 AD), owasekela ubuNkulunkulu obunye, ekhulwini lokuqala nelesibili ngemuva kokuzalwa kukaJesu (pbuh).
Umkhandlu odumile waseNicaea wabuthaniselwa ndawonye ngo-325 AD.
Imfundiso kaZiqu-zintathu yamenyezelwa njengemfundiso esemthethweni yobuKristu bukaPawulu.
NjengamaVangeli asemthethweni eSonto
Mathewu, Marko, Luka na Johane
AmaVangeli akhethiwe.
Ivangeli kaBarnaba
Kanye nokuqhubeka, kwavalwa ukufundwa nokuba khona kwawo wonke amanye amaVangeli, okuhlanganisa neVangeli likaBarnaba. Lezi zinqumo zokuvimbela ezathathwa mayelana neVangeli likaBarnaba zaqhubeka nasezikhathini ezalandelayo. Kuthiwa ngo-366 AD, uPapa Damasus (304-384 AD) naye wakhipha isinqumo sokuthi leli Vangeli lingafundwa. Lesi sinqumo sasekwa nguGelasus, uMbhishobhi waseKaesaria owafa ngo-395 AD. Uhlu lwakhe lwezincwadi ezingaphefumulelwe nalo lwalihlanganisa neVangeli likaBarnaba.
Izincwadi ezingaphefumulelwe
, kalula nje
“kufihlwe kubantu”
kusho.
Ukuthi uPapa afake iVangeli likaBarnaba ohlwini lwezincwadi ezinqatshelwe, okungenani, kubonisa ukuthi iVangeli laliyindawo.
Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi uPapa wathola ikhophi yeVangeli likaBarnaba ngo-383 AD, wayigcina emtatsheni wakhe wezincwadi.
(Muhammed Ataurrahim, uJesu uMprofethi wamaSulumane, eNgilandi 1977, kk. 39-41).
Yonke imithetho yokuvimbela iVangeli likaBarnaba kanye nezinyathelo ezathathwa ukuze lingafundwa azizange ziphumelele kakhulu. IVangeli liyaphila nanamuhla. Okwenza laphila kuze kube namuhla…
UFra Marino
kwakukhona umpristi ogama lakhe lingu:
Umbhalo wesandla wenguqulo yesiNgisi yeVangeli likaBarnaba wawutholakala ePapa Sextus (1589-1590). USextus, ngemva kokufunda imibhalo ka-Irenaeus, owayesebenzise iVangeli kakhulu, waba umngane noFra Marino, owayenentshisekelo enkulu kuleliVangeli. Ngolunye usuku, uMarino wavakashela uSextus. Badla isidlo sasemini ndawonye. Ngemva kwesidlo, uPapa walala. Umonk uMarino waqala ukuhlola izincwadi ezilabhulali yezincwadi zikaPapa, wathola umbhalo wesandla wesiNtaliyane weVangeli likaBarnaba. Wawufihla ngaphansi kwengubo yakhe, wasuka waya eVatican. Lombhalo wesandla wabe usudluliselwa ezandleni zabantu abaningi, kwaze kwafika kumuntu owayedume kakhulu e-Amsterdam, owayenamandla amakhulu, owaziwa ukuthi wayelithanda kakhulu leliVangeli. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, lombhalo wesandla wabe usufika ezandleni zika-J.E. Kramer, ummeleli weNkosi yasePrussia. Ngo-1713, uKramer wethula lombhalo wesandla kuPrince Eugene waseSavoy, umuntu owayedume ngolwazi lwakhe lwezincwadi. Ngo-1738, lombhalo wesandla, kanye nencwadi yakhe yezincwadi, wathuthelwa eHofbibliothek eVienna, lapho usalokhu ukhona khona. UToland, umuntu owayedume kakhulu emlandweni webandla lokuqala, wahlola lombhalo wesandla, waphinda wawubhekisa kuwo emisebenzini yakhe eyahlukahlukene eyashicilelwa ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngo-1747. Uthi ngaleliVangeli:
“Lokhu kufana nencwadi engcwele.”
(Ataurrahim, age, pp. 41-42).
Incwadi yeVangeli kaBarnaba, eyayibhalwe ngesiNtaliyane, yahunyushwa ngesiNgisi nguCanon noNkk. Ragg, yaphinde yanyatheliswa yaphinde yashicilelwa ngo-1907 e-Oxford University Press. Cishe yonke imibhalo yalesi siNgisi yanyamalala ngendlela engaqondakali. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kukhona kuphela amakhophi amabili: elinye liseBritish Museum, elinye liseLibrary of Congress eWashington. Ikhophi ye-microfilm yencwadi yatholakala eLibrary of Congress, kwaphinde kwanyatheliswa incwadi yalesi siNgisi ePakistan. Ikhophi yale nyatheliso yasetshenziswa ukwenza uhlelo olusha olubuyekeziwe.
Ataurrahim, age, s. 42).
Incwadi kaBarnaba yahunyushwa ngesi-Arabhu ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 eGibhithe nguDkt. Halil Seâde, yaphinde yanyatheliswa nguMuhammed Reşid Rıza ngesandulela esibhalwe nguye. (Ahmed Şelebi, Mukârenetü’l-Edyân, Mısır 1984, II/215).
Kuyaziwa ukuthi muva nje, ezinye izincwadi zeBhayibheli zitholakele ezweni lethu futhi kwenziwa ezinye izifundo ngazo:
Omunye wabo ngu-Abdurrahman Aygün.
“Izindaba Ezinhle Ezitholakala eBhayibhelini likaBarnaba kanye Nezibikezelo Ngomprofethi Wethu”
ngumsebenzi wakhe ongakashicilelwa. Umsebenzi wabhalwa ngo-1942.
(bheka u-Osman Cilacı, “Umbhalo wesiTurkey ngokuphathelene neVangeli likaBarnaba”, Diyanet Dergisi, uMfumfu-uLwezi-uZibandlela, 1983, umqulu:19, inombolo: 4, amakhasi: 25-35)
Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi ngo-1984, kwatholakala incwadi ebhale ngolimi lwesi-Aramaic nangezinhlamvu zesi-Syriac emhumeni eduze naseHakkari, futhi kwathiwa leyo incwadi yiVangeli likaBarnaba, nokuthi yazanywa ukushushumbiswa iye phesheya kodwa yabanjwa.
(bheka iSayensi nobuGcisa, uNdasa-uMbasa 1986, inombolo: 6, amakhasi: 91-94).
Futhi,
“Ivangeli likaBarnaba”
Enye incwadi eyahunyushwa isuka esiNgisini yahunyushwa nguMehmet Yıldız, yaphinde yashicilelwa nguKültür Basın Yayın Birliği ngonyaka ka-1988.
Amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu ahlukanisa iVangeli likaBarnaba kwamanye amaVangeli amane yila:
1.
Ivangeli likaBarnaba alikuvumi ukuthi uJesu (pbuh) unguNkulunkulu noma uNdodana kaNkulunkulu.
2.
Indodana eyathathwa njengomhlatshelo nguMprofethi u-Abraham ngu-Ismaeli (as), hhayi u-Isaka njengoba kushiwo eTorah nasezinkolelweni zamaKristu.
3.
UMesiya olindelekile akusiye uJesu (as), kodwa nguMuhammad (asm).
4.
UJesu (as) akazange abethelwe esiphambanweni, kodwa kwafakwa omunye umuntu esikhundleni sakhe, okwakuthiwa nguJuda Iskariyoth.
(Muhammed Ebu Zehre, Izingxoxo NgobuKristu, Umhumushi: Âkif Nuri, Istanbul 1978, k. 105-107).
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, chofoza lapha:
Ivangeli kaBarnaba
Ngiyabingelela ngithandazela…
UbuSulumane Ngemibuzo
