1. Ngaphandle kwesikolelo seHanefi, ezinye izikolelo zivumela ubaba ukuba ashadelele indodakazi yakhe ngesibindi. Pho kungani u-Islam engamthokozisi umfazi, engawavumeli amalungelo akhe, engamniki ilungelo lokuzikhethela? Kungani kukhona ukushadiselwa ngesibindi?
– Kukhona indaba evela ku-Ensar, ngentombazane kaHidame, uHansa. Abanye bathi ngokusho kwale ndaba, ubaba akakwazi ukushadisa indodakazi yakhe uma ingavumi. Mina ngingumShāfi’ī… Ngakho-ke, u-Imam Shāfi’ī wayengayazi yini le ndaba? U-Imam Shāfi’ī, u-Imam Mālik, u-Imam Hanbal bathi ubaba angashadisa indodakazi yakhe ngesibindi. Kukhona ukuvumelana phakathi kwezazi zamaSulumane ukuthi ubaba angashadisa indodakazi yakhe encane eyintombi ngaphandle kwemvume yayo. (Abu Zahra, al-Ahwal, s.114) Ngokusho kwabafundi beHanbalī, uma ubaba efuna ukushadisa indodakazi yakhe encane eyintombi nomuntu olinganayo, isivumelwano somshado siyasebenza noma ngabe intombazane iyala. (Ibn Kudāma, al-Mughnī, VII, 379)
– Ngakho-ke, u-Imam Ahmet wayengazi yini ngalowo hadith? Ngokuka-Imam Malik, u-Imam Shafi’i no-Ishaq, ubaba angamshadisela ngenkani indodakazi yakhe eseyikhulile. Amaphuzu wonke e-Ahli Sunnah awanembile yini? Amaphuzu amathathu athi intombazane ingashadiswa ngenkani. Futhi i-madhhab yami ngu-Shafi’i. Kungani u-Shafi’i ebeka isinqumo esinjalo? Kungani u-Islam engamniki umfazi amalungelo, kodwa amphoqe?
2. Omunye umbuzo wami uthi:
Kwakukhona isigqila esithile uMprofethi (ukuthula nokubusiswa kukaAllah kube kuye) ayevame ukulala naye. U-Aisha no-Hafsa (ukuzama ukumvimbela ukuba angalali naye) babengamshiyi. Ekugcineni, uMprofethi (ukuthula nokubusiswa kukaAllah kube kuye) waziyala leyo sigqila. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwahla isahluko se-Tahrim esiqala ngala mazwi: “O Mprofethi, kungani uziyala into uAllah ayikuvumele yona, ufuna ukuthokozisa abafazi bakho?…” Umlandi: Anas. Umthombo: Nesai, Ishretu’n-Nisa, 4, (7, 71)
– Lo hadith uqinisile yini? Unganikeza yini umthombo? Uma uqinisile, kufanele siwuqonde kanjani?
Mthandiwe, mzalwane wethu,
Ngoba laba mujtahid (izazi zenkolo) bachaza amavesi ne hadith (izisho zomphrofethi) ngale ndlela, base bakhipha lezi zinqumo.
“Kungani abesifazane behlukunyezwa e-Islam…”
akusho ukuthi kunjalo.
Yilokhu kuyiqiniso; isinqumo sokuthi umshado owenziwe ngempoqo (ngaphandle kwemvume yentombazane) uyavumelekile, ngiyakushiya kubanikazi be-ijtihad.
“ngokuka-alime othile, ngokuya ngolunye i-alime…”
anlamına gelir. Çünkü
Izinqumo zalezo zifundiswa ziyi-Islam, njengoba nezinqumo zalabo abathola imiphumela ehlukene nazo ziyi-Islam.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudingeka isizathu sokuthi kungani lo mshado uzomzuzisa intombazane. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, izingane ezincane ezishadiswa ngaphandle kwemvume yazo zinelungelo lokuchitha umshado lapho zifika ebudaleni.
(ukukhetha ngemva kokuthomba).
Ngokuphathelene nombuzo wakho wesibili:
Lapho kubhekisiswa izindaba ezihlobene nezehlakalo ezishiwo emithonjeni yezincazelo ze-Qur’an kanye ne-hadith njengembangela yokwembulwa kwezindima 1-5 ze-Surah At-Tahrim, kuyabonakala ukuthi ziyalikhanyisa udaba. Nokho, njengoba u-Taberi esho, kubonakala kunembile kakhulu ukwenza incazelo ngokusekelwe ekuchazeni kwalezi zindima.
Ngokwalokhu, incazelo etholakala evesini lokuqala yile:
UMprofethi (ukuthula kube kuye) wayezivimbele into eyayivunyelwe ngokuyisisekelo; uNkulunkulu uSomandla wambonisa ukuthi akulungile ukuzibeka kuleso simo sokuzincisha ngenxa yezinkosikazi zakhe noma ngenxa yazo, futhi kwakhunjuzwa ukuthi ngisho noma isinqumo esinjalo senziwe ngesifungo, kukhona indlela engokomthetho yokuyeka izifungo ezingafanele ukugcinwa, ngendlela yokukhokha isihlengo, njengoba kushiwo evesini lesi-2.
(bheka u-Al-Ma’idah 5/89)
Okwenqatshelwe
Lokhu kungase kube ukungasondeli kumkhonzikazi wakhe, ukungadli noma ukungaphuzi lutho, noma okunye. Nakuba kungaqinisekisiwe ukuthi uMprofethi (ukuthula nokubusiswa kube kuye) wafunga yini lapho ethatha lesi sinqumo sokuzibekela umthetho, kukhona izindaba ezithile ezibonisa ukuthi wafunga.
Okunye okukhulunywa ngakho kulezi zinto
“kuze kube”
igama, ngokwencazelo yalo njengoba kushiwo kuvesi 226 weSurah Al-Baqarah, ngokwezinye izazi.
“isifungo sokungasondeli kubantu abashadile ngesikhathi esithile”
njengoba, kanti abanye bathi
isifungo esingenakuguquka
njengoba kushiwo.
Akukho ukucaciseleka ngokuqinisekileyo ukuthi uMprofethi (ukuthula nokubusiswa kukaAllah kube phezu kwakhe) wakhokha yini isifungo sakhe ngemva kokwembulwa kwalezi ndima; izindaba ezikhuluma ngaye ekhokha nazo ziyahlukahlukana.
(njengokuthi isifungo sokuzinikela ngokwenkolo singaba isenzo sokupha ngokuqapha noma isisho sokubonga)
kuye kwahlolwa.
Nakuba kukhona ukuhluka kwezindaba ezikhuluma ngabashade abakhulunywa ngabo evesini lesi-3, ngokuvamile kuyavunywa ukuthi umshado owatshelwa imfihlo nguHz. Hafsa, kanti umshado owatshelwa le mfihlo nguHz. Aisha; ngakho-ke, abafazi ababili abakhulunywa ngabo evesini lesi-4 yibo laba.
(bheka uTaberî, uElmalılı, uDerveze, izincazelo zezindima ezifanele)
Ngiyabingelela ngithandazela…
UbuSulumane Ngemibuzo
