– Ingabe ukuhlaba ngokuvusa umphefumulo, okusho ukusika umqala ukuze kuphume igazi, kukhona kuphela enkolelweni yamaSulumane?
– Ngabe lolu hlobo lwalukhona nakwezinye izinkolo noma ezizweni zangaphambi kwe-Islam?
Mthandiwe, mzalwane wethu,
Yebo, kusukela ku-Adam, umuntu wokuqala kanye nomprofethi wokuqala, ukunikela ngezilwane kwakukhona, nakuba kwakwenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene.
I-Quran ikhuluma ngamadodana amabili ka-Adam, ngaphandle kokunikeza imininingwane, ukuthi anikela ngemihlatshelo kuNkulunkulu.
(Al-Ma’idah, 5:27)
futhi kuthiwa umthetho wokunikela ngomhlatshelo wabekwa kuzo zonke izinkolo zaphezulu.
(Al-Hajj, 22/34)
Izinsalela zezinto zakudala,
e-Gibhithe lasendulo
kubonisa ukuthi kwakukhona umkhuba wokunikela ngemihlatshelo owawenziwa njengengxenye yenkonzo yama-pristi.
Abantu baseSumeri
eMesopotamiya yakhe yasekuqaleni yayinamakhalenda emikhosi athuthukile kakhulu, eyayihlanganisa iminikelo eyayibingelelwa ngabapristi.
AmaHeti,
Kuyaziwa ukuthi babenikela ngezilwane njengomhlatshelo, bephakela izibiliboco ezithile ukuze bathole usizo nentethelelo yaboNkulunkulu.
Emibhalweni yenkolo neyenganekwane yase-Ugarit,
Kukhona izinkomba zokuthi kwakukhona umkhuba wokunikela izilwane njengomhlatshelo, umkhuba lo owawuvamile eMesophothamiya naseKhenani.
Ngokwezinkomba ezitholakala emibhalweni eqoshwe ematsheni, kusukela enkathini yokuqala yezinkulungwane zeminyaka ngaphambi kukaKristu.
Eningizimu ye-Arabia
Emphakathini yabo yamasiko aphakeme, kwakukhona imikhosi yokunikela imihlatshelo konkulunkulu abakhulu, eyayiqhutshwa abapristi, ngelanga, nenyanga, nangezinkanyezi ezifana neVenus.
Abantu base-Iran basendulo
babebenzela iminikelo ezinqoleni, izitshalo ezihlukahlukene kanye nophuzo lwe-haoma.
UZarathustra
Nakuba ayekhiphe umthetho wokwenqabela ukunikela ngezilwane njengomhlatshelo, wakhuthaza ukunikela ngemihlatshelo yokubonga ku-Ahura Mazda, kodwa ngemva kokufa kwakhe, kwabuyiselwa umkhuba wokunikela ngezilwane eziphilayo.
Abantu base-Iran
babenikela izithembiso zabo kanye nokubonga kuHormuz, kanti eminye iminikelo yabo babeyinikela ku-Ehrimen ukuze avimbele ububi.
Emphakathini yamaSabiya,
Imicikilisho yokunikela ngezinyoni namaduna ezimvu yayenziwa ngumpristi obhapathiziwe noma umsizi wakhe, futhi abantu abangabhapathiziwe babengavunyelwa ukuthinta isilwane esinikelwayo ngoba kwakukholelwa ukuthi singcwele.
Emiphakathini yanamuhla yezizwe ezingakathuthuki, ukunikela ngezinkukhu kuyinto evamile ukuze kutholwe usizo onkulunkulu, kuvikelwe intukuthelo yabo, noma kukhululwe izono; ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkomo nezinja nazo ziyahlatshelwa, futhi kunikelwa ngokudla neziphuzo.
Enkolweni yaseJapane, ubuShinto.
Iminikelo nemihlatshelo yayinikelwa konkulunkulu nakubantu abafileyo, ngenhloso yokuthulisa intukuthelo yabo nokuthola umusa nosizo lwabo, noma njengendlela yokuhlawulela izono.
E-China yasendulo
Izilwane ezifuywayo nezingafuywayo zazihlatshwa njengemihlatshelo konkulunkulu nasebuhleni babokhokho abangasekho, ngenjongo yokubajabulisa nokuthola izibusiso zaphezulu.
EbuHinduismu
Umhlatshelo ungenye yezindlela ezihola abantu ekukhululweni.
EbuJudeni
Umlando womkhuba wokunikela ngemihlatshelo, okuyindlela yokubulala ngokuphelele noma ngokuyingxenye izilwane noma ukudla e-altare njengophawu lokuzinikela kuNkulunkulu nangenhloso yokuthola umusa wakhe nokuthethelelwa, ulandelwa emuva ku-Abraham. Ngesikhathi sakhe, izilwane ezifana nezinkomo, izimvu, amaphuphu, namapheji zaziyizinto ezazinikelwa kuNkulunkulu.
(Genesise, 8/20, 13/18, 15/7-11, 17-21)
U-Isaka
(Genesise, 26/25)
kanye nendodana yakhe
Ya’kub
Isiko lokunikela ngezilwane, elaqhubeka nasezizukulwaneni ezalandelayo, laqhubeka phakathi kwama-Israyeli, kanye nezindlela ezahlukene zokwenza lokhu ngesikhathi esithile, kwaze kwaba ukubhujiswa kwethempeli eJerusalema ngamaRoma ngo-70 AD.
“Ukuchitha igazi elingcwele”
noma
“into eliklinyiweyo”
okuchaza
“ukuhlaba”
ngokuvamile, kusho ukuhlaba umhlatshelo we-komunyon kanye nesilwane ngenhloso yokudla inyama yaso.
(Genesise 31:54; Eksoduse 10:25, 12:27)
EbuJudaisme, umkhuba wokunikela ngemihlatshelo wawuhlanganisa ukuhlatshwa kwezilwane ezazibhekwa njengezifanele ngokomthetho kaMose.
imihlatshelo yegazi
kanye nokwethulwa kokudla okuhlukahlukene, amanzi neziphuzo ezifana newayini
izisulu ezingenagazi
ihlukaniswe kabili, okuyilezi:
Ngesikhathi sikaJesu.
Nakuba izenzo zokunikela ngemihlatshelo zisekelwe eTestamenteni Elidala, kamuva ebuKristwini kwathuthukiswa umqondo ohlukile wokunikela ngemihlatshelo, owawugxile kuJesu. UJesu, naye owayengumIsrayeli, wazalwa emndenini owawulandela umthetho wamaJuda.
(Eksodusi 13:2, 12; Levitikusi 12:2-6, 8)
waya eya eYerusalema ukuyokwenza umhlatshelo, wamthatha noJesu.
(Luka, 2/22-24),
U-Isa wayebandakanyeka emikhosini yePhasika eyayigujwa ngabakwa-Israyeli.
(Mathewu, 26/2, 17-19; Marku, 14/12-16)
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uJesu, ngemva kokwelapha umuntu owayenobulephera, njengoba kwakushiwo emthethweni kaMose,
(Levitikusi 13/49, 14/2-9)
ukuhlaba umhlatshelo
(Mathewu, 8/4),
Ucele ukucela umuntu obezwile nomfowabo ngokolukholo ukuba anikele umnikelo wakhe emva kokuba bebuyisene.
(Mathewu, 5/23-24)
Emphakathini yama-Arabhu ngaphambi kwe-Islam
nakuba kukhona ubufakazi obuncane bokuthi abantwana, izigqila kanye nabathunjwa babenikelwa njengemihlatshelo ezithombeni.
(el-Muvatta, “Neźr”, 7; İbn Hişâm, I, 160-164; Cevâd Ali, VI, 191-193, 198-199)
okuvamile kwakuwukunikela ngezilwane njengemihlatshelo ezithombeni.
Ama-Arabhu e-Jahiliyyah,
Ngezikhathi ezithile noma ngezikhathi zemicimbi ababeyibona njengebalulekile, babebonisa inhlonipho yabo ethempelini, ukuzinikela kwabo ezithombeni, nokusondelana nazo, kokubili eKaaba nasezinye izindawo zaseMecca, kanye nasezithombeni zabo ezingaphandle kweMecca, ngokuhlaba izilwane ezinjengezinkamela, izinkomo, izimvu, nezinyamazane, bachithe igazi lazo phezu kwazo, baphinde bahlahle izilwane eziqotshiwe bazibeke phezu kwala matshe amisiweyo, bese belinda ukuba izilwane ezidla inyama nezinyoni zizidle.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi kwakuhlatshelwa izilwane emangcwabeni abantu abafileyo ngenhloso yokuzuza inzuzo noma ukuzivikela emademonini, kwakuhlatshelwa umhlatshelo we-aqiqah futhi kwakwenziwa idili ngomntwana osanda kuzalwa, kwakuhlatshelwa umhlatshelo wokuqala wendlu (fera’, fer’a) yengamela noma yegusha ngenhloso yokuletha isibusiso, futhi kwakuhlatshelwa igusha ebizwa ngokuthi “atîre” ezithombeni ezikhonzwayo ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zenyanga ka-Recep.
Ama-Arabhu e-Jahiliyyah enkathini yamaSulumane
Isiko lokunikela ngezilwane lihlanzwe ezintweni eziphambene nenkolelo yobunye bukaNkulunkulu, lavuselelwa ngendlela evumelana nesiko likaMprofethi u-Ibrahim, futhi lathuthukiswa ngokuthwala imisebenzi yomphakathi. Ukunikela ngezilwane ezithombeni kwakuyisenzo sokushirikisha, futhi izilwane ezazihlatshelwa ngaleyo ndlela zazibhekwa njengezingcolile.
(Al-Baqarah, 2:173; Al-Ma’idah, 5:3; Al-An’am, 6:121, 145; An-Nahl, 16:115)
Umkhuba wokunikela ngomhlatshelo we-aqiqah ulondolozwe ngokuyinhloko ngesikhathi se-Islam, kanti izinhlobo ezimbili zokugcina zomhlatshelo zathathwa njengezivumelekile ekuqaleni kwenkathi ye-Islam, ngaphansi kwemibandela yokuthi zenzelwe uNkulunkulu, kodwa kamuva…
“Akukho ukuzila ukudla okungaphezu kwesidingo noma ukuzila ukudla okungadingekile e-Islam.”
(Bukhari, “Akika”, 3, 4; Muslim, “Edahi”, 38)
kuvinjelwe ngumhadith.
Ngesikhathi senziwa umkhuleko weHajj eKoran.
nakuba kukhona imithetho ethile ephathelene nezilwane ezizohlatshwa,
(Al-Baqarah, 2:196; Al-Ma’idah, 5:2, 95, 97; Al-Hajj, 22:28, 36, 37; Al-Fath, 48:25)
ngaphandle kwesibonakaliso esingaqondile
(Kevser, 108/2)
Akukho kukhulunywa ngomkhuba wokunikela ngomhlatshelo ngaphandle kwesikhathi seHajj.
Ngokuhambisana nenqubomgomo yezomthetho elandelwayo mayelana nezinkonzo, izinqumo mayelana nesibopho sokuhlaba umhlatshelo kanye nezinye izinhlobo zemihlatshelo, kokubili kulabo abenza iHajj ne-Umrah kanye nakwabanye abantu, zinqunywa ngamazwi nangezenzo zoMprofethi uMuhammad (ukuthula kube kuye).
Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili (624) weHijri kaMprofethi uMuhammad (ukuthula kube kuye)
ukuqala ukuhlaba izilwane zokuhlatshelelwa ngesikhathi semikhosi ye-Eid al-Adha,
Izindaba eziningi ezilandiswayo ezihlobene nezenzo ze-hajj ne-umrah, kanye nezincazelo ezahlukahlukene mayelana nokunikela ngezilwane, zakha isisekelo esikhulu sesiko lenkolo kule ndawo, kanye nezincazelo ze-fiqh nokuhlola.
Ngiyabingelela ngithandazela…
UbuSulumane Ngemibuzo
