– Yiziphi izizathu zalabo abavumela ukuzila ukudla ngosuku lwe-Eid kulabo abenza umkhuleko we-tamattu’ ne-qiran?
Mthandiwe, mzalwane wethu,
Ngokwehlelo lamaHanafi,
labo abenza umkhosi we-tamattu’ kanye ne-qiran.
– umahluleka ukuhlaba umhlatshelo, bazowugcina njengomhlatshelo weHajj.
– Isikhathi sokuzila ukudla izinsuku ezintathu siqala ngemuva kokungena e-ihram ye-umrah ngezinyanga ze-hajj, kuze kube usuku lwe-Arafah. Akudingekile ukuthi lezi zinsuku ezintathu zokuzila ukudla zilandelelane. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuqala ngosuku olwandulela usuku lwe-Tarwiyah bese siphela ngosuku lwe-Arafah.
(bheka uSabunî, Ravaiu’l-beyan, I/251).
Labo abangazilanga ngaphambi kosuku lwe-Arefe, abakwazi ukuzila ngamaholide.
Kufanele bahlabe umhlatshelo. Ngoba lokhu kuzila ukudla kuyisihlengo/umhlatshelo, kwenziwe kwaba yisibopho ukuze kuthabathe indawo yaso. Kanti-ke, ekuphindweni kwendima,
“ukuzila ukudla izinsuku ezintathu ngesikhathi seHajj…”
(bheka i-Baqarah, 2/196)
Kuye kwathiwa, isikhathi sokuzila ukudla kwezinsuku ezintathu sikhathi seHajj. Ngakho-ke, noma ubani ongazange alandele umsebenzi wokuzila ukudla kuze kube usuku lwe-Eid al-Adha, uzobe eseshiye i-ihram, ngakho-ke uzoba nesibopho sokuhlaba izinkomo ezimbili. Enye yenzelwe i-tamattu’, enye yenzelwe isihlangu se-Hajj, okuyisihlangu sokushiya i-ihram ngaphandle kokuhlaba.
(bheka ed-Dürü’l-muhtar, II, 264; el-Lubab, I, 193; el-Fıkhu’l-İslamî, III, 225).
Ngokwombono wehlelo lamaMaliki,
Kufanele ukuzila ukudla izinsuku ezintathu nezinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngokulandelana. Isikhathi sokuzila ukudla izinsuku ezintathu siqala ngemuva kokungena e-ihram ye-hajj bese siphela ngosuku lwe-Arafah. Kodwa-ke, labo abangazilanga ngalesi sikhathi ngenxa yokungazi noma ukukhohlwa, bazozila ngesikhathi se-Mina/Eid al-Adha.
(bheka Bidayetu’l-Müctehid, I, 357; el-Fıkhu’l-İslamî,III, 226).
Ngokwombono wehlelo lamaShafi’i,
Kuyinto okuhle kakhulu ukuzila ukudla izinsuku ezintathu nezinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngokulandelana. Isikhathi sokuzila ukudla izinsuku ezintathu siqala ngemuva kokungena ehramu ngenxa yeHajj. Ngoba evesini…
“Ukuzila ukudla izinsuku ezintathu ngesikhathi seHajj”
Kuyakhulunywa ngalokhu. Ngakho-ke, akukavumelekile ukuthi leli phuzu liqale ngaphambi kokungena ehramu. Kunconywa ukuthi leli phuzu lezinsuku ezintathu ligcinwe ngaphambi kosuku lwe-Arafah. Ngoba ukuzila ukudla ngosuku lwe-Arafah akufanelekile kubahambi be-Hajj.
(bheka i-Mecmu, VII, 185; Sabunî, Ravaiu’l-beyan,I, 251).
Ngokombono wakudala ka-Imam Shafi’i, ukuzila ukudla kwezinsuku ezintathu ngesikhathi se-Tashriq kuvumelekile. Ngokombono omusha, akukuvumelekile. Izazi ze-Shafi’i ezamukela lo mbono, njengama-Hanafi, zinombono wokuthi ukuzila ukudla ngesikhathi se-Eid al-Adha/izinsuku ze-Tashriq akukuvumelekile. U-Imam Nawawi uthe lo mbono uyilona oqinisile.
(Iqoqo; VI, 443-445).
Ngokwemibono yezazi ezamukela umbono wakudala we-Imam, labo abangazange bazile ukudla izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kwe-Eid, bangazila ngosuku lwe-Eid.
(bheka i-Mecmu, VI/441; Sabunî, Ravaiu’l-beyan, I, 251)
.
Ubufakazi balokhu yile hadith ebaliswa nguBukhari: U-Aisha (r.anha) no-Ibn Umar bathi:
“Ukuzila ukudla ngesikhathi seTashrik kuvunyelwe kuphela kulabo abangakwazi ukuthola umhlatshelo.”
(Bukhari, Sawm, 68).
Ngokwesikolelo seHanbali,
Akudingeki ukuthi ulandele ukuzila ukudla kwezinsuku ezintathu nezinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngokulandelana. Kunezikhathi ezimbili ezifanele ukuzila ukudla kwezinsuku ezintathu, enye iyancomeka kanti enye iyavumelekile. Isikhathi esincomekayo/esinenkuthazo enkulu siqala ngokuqala kwe-ihram ye-Hajj; siphela ngosuku lwe-Arafah. Isikhathi esivumelekile yisona…
-Njengoba kubonwa amaHanafi-
Umrah iqala ngokuqala ukugqoka ihram, kuze kufike usuku lwe-Arafah. Uma umuntu enza i-hajj ye-tamattu, uma engazili ngesikhathi esifanele, kufanele azile ngemuva kwalokho, okuhlanganisa nezinsuku ze-tashriq.
(bheka el-Muğni, III, 478-78, el-Fıkhu’l-İslamî, III, 228).
Kukhona futhi izindaba ezivela ku-Imam Ahmed ezibonisa ukuthi naye akakuvumeli lokhu.
(Iqoqo, VI, 445).
Ngokufingqa,
Ngaphandle kwamaHanafi, -İ
Uma sibheka imibono ka-Imam Shafi’i no-Imam Ahmed –
Ngokwemibono yezinkolo ezintathu ezakha umphakathi, singasho ukuthi ukuzila ukudla izinsuku ezintathu ezishiwoyo ngesikhathi se-Eid al-Adha / izinsuku ze-tashriq kuvumelekile.
Isizathu salokhu yilesi:
a.
U-Allah, eKoran, ngamafuphi, uthi:
“Umuntu ongakwazi ukuthola isilwane sokuhlaba, uyazila ukudla izinsuku ezintathu ngesikhathi seHajj, bese ezila ezinye izinsuku eziyisikhombisa lapho esebuyele emzini wakhe, okuyizinsuku eziyishumi zizonke.”
(Al-Baqarah, 2:196)
Kuyalelwe ukuthi leli zibulo lezinsuku ezintathu kufanele ligcinwe ngezinsuku zeHajj. Labo abangazange baligcine ngaphambili, izinsuku zeTashriq kuphela ezisele kubo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele baligcine ngalezozinsuku.
(el-Fıkhu’l-İslamî, III, 228).
b.
Hz. Aişe (r.anha) kanye no-İbn Ömer’in
“Ukuzila ukudla ngesikhathi seTashrik kuvunyelwe kuphela kulabo abangakwazi ukuthola umhlatshelo.”
Izinkulumo ezikule ndima zibonisa ukuthi bazizwa ngqo kuMprofethi uMuhammad (ukuthula nokubusiswa kube kuye). Ngakho-ke, le hadith isesimweni se-marfu.
. (Nevevî, Mecmu, VI, 442; el-Fıkhu’l-İslamî, III, 228)
Lokhu kukhomba ukuthi kukhona imvume ekhethekile ehlobene nalolu daba.
Ngiyabingelela ngithandazela…
UbuSulumane Ngemibuzo
